Descripción del proyecto
Exploración del desplazamiento del marco de lectura ribosomal en células humanas
Diversos virus, incluido el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), utilizan un proceso conocido como desplazamiento programado del marco de lectura ribosomal (PRF, por sus siglas en inglés) en el cual, durante la síntesis de proteínas, el ribosoma se desplaza a una posición diferente. Este proceso modifica el código y da lugar a la generación de proteínas diferentes a partir del mismo ARNm, lo que añade otro nivel de regulación de la expresión génica. El proyecto financiado con fondos europeos T-FRAME tiene por objeto estudiar el fenómeno del PRF en las células humanas e identificar los factores que lo regulan. Los científicos utilizarán linfocitos T humanos y el VIH-1 como sistema modelo para investigar los efectos del PRF sobre la infección y la inmunidad innata. Los resultados ofrecerán unos conocimientos sin precedentes sobre esta vía alternativa a la descodificación estándar y allanarán el camino para el diseño de nuevos tratamientos antivíricos.
Objetivo
The coding region of many genes contains sequence elements that constitute roadblocks during mRNA translation. These roadblocks present problems, but also opportunities for the cell to increase the coding capacity of the genome by so-called programmed ribosome frameshifting (PRF). PRF is a universal gene expression strategy that brings plasticity to the proteome. It is widely studied in viruses and bacteria, yet poorly understood in humans.
My own mechanistic discoveries have highlighted that, regardless of various stimulatory structures and slippery nucleotides involved, PRF in bacterial and viral mRNAs follows one of the two general pathways depending on substrate. In contrast, many questions remain regarding the occurrences of PRF in humans and its regulation by recently discovered trans-acting viral and cellular factors.
In T-FRAME, I will investigate the mechanism of PRF and its role in disease using HIV infection of human-T lymphocytes as an in vivo paradigm. To study molecular details of how trans-factors modulate PRF, I will leverage cutting-edge ensemble and single-molecule techniques to monitor the ribosome as it moves along the mRNA codon per codon. In addition, I will assess mRNA interactions with PRF factors during this process. Using a PRF-RNA-interactome capture assay that we have recently developed, I will search for new trans- factors in human cells. Finally, I will study the translation of T cells and HIV-1 on a global level during infection to understand the full scope and dynamic nature of PRF in this model system.
To summarize, T-FRAME will advance our understanding of how RNA structure and trans-factors shape translation regimes in higher eukaryotes and how deviations from the standard decoding path impact infection and innate immunity. I envision harnessing these findings to develop novel tools for synthetic biology and new design principles for RNA-centric antiviral and immune therapies.
Ámbito científico
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesbiochemistrybiomoleculesproteinsproteomics
- natural sciencesbiological sciencessynthetic biology
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesmicrobiologyvirology
- medical and health scienceshealth sciencesinfectious diseasesRNA virusesHIV
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsnucleotides
Palabras clave
Programa(s)
Régimen de financiación
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstitución de acogida
93053 Regensburg
Alemania