Sustainable settlements in peri-urban areas: with special reference to impacts of transport and energy on natural resources management.

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The results achieved are in the area of understanding the concept of periurban, the diversity in periurban settings as well as the policy challenges in dealing with periurban, especially with regard to energy and transport. These results are summarised as follows. The following were the main messages on periurban policy that were generated at the policy workshop in Delhi in September 2005 Basic elements of a periurban policy should be - Sustainability - Reliance on Community based budgeting - Flexibility and diversity - Pro poor and gender sensitive element - Reliance on participatory methodologies - Application of state-of-the-art technologies (GIS, RS) for barefoot planning and policy formulation Specific interventions that are needed - Overcome rural urban divide and recognize Periurban as an area and do not dilute/merge with either urban or rural. - DPCs (District Planning Committees) need to be set up as a body linking/working for fringe areas. Fringe areas to be involved in planning. - DPCs should be empowered: concept of regional planning should be brought in place - DPC does not have technical capacity to undertake planning - Nagar Panchayats (NPs) are ideal institutions, which get convergence of rural and urban areas (forum for civil society engagement) - There is a need to look at the roles of NPs and differentiate between the roles of DPCs and NPs (clarity required) - Census should consider NPs as one of the hierarchies in planning process - District/Regional planning forum could be set up as an institutional arrangement for PU areas - Participation and sustainability are important aspects of PU planning process: role of civil society, education and access to basic facilities are important to be met for PU dwellers - 73rd and 74th Amendments should have details on rules and regulation - Pushing the industrial/pollution problems to PU areas should not be adopted as solution. Rather, there is need to design strategies/policies to solve such problems - Environment should be included in the development of Master Plans for cities (considering environmental aspects of PUI as well) - In general, it is difficult to generalise indicators for PU settings: inferences from case studies should specifically discuss indicators for that PU setting - Make livelihoods of PU households more productive and provide them access to markets for sale of produce - Provide health and education access to PU dwellers - Build strong participatory approach to tackle ill effects of urban society (by way of social mobilization and capacity building) - Idea of cooperative governance (task force to set up with some allocated budget and decision making powers) - Pro poor and gender sensitive policy recommendations Periurban transport Specific interventions for the periurban transport that are needed are as follows: - Need for planning authorities to decide/provide transport options (both strategic and short term) integrated with land use policies - Need for access to and integration between various types of transport - Within PU areas - To nearby cities - To other cities/states - Need to promote facilities for safe non-motorised transport (NMT) within PU settings - Develop a classification of different types of PU area and investigate the transport needs associated with each type of area (taking into account the characteristics of the city to which the PU area is near) - Find empirical evidence of the role of private institutions (both local and global) in the development of transport infrastructure within/connecting PU areas. Use this evidence to help build a theory to understand dynamic urbanisation processes - Find empirical evidence on the access to rail, road and other transport options, and use this evidence to develop indicators on transport for PU areas - Find empirical evidence on traffic safety in PU areas Periurban energy Policy options for energy in the periurban interface - Assessing energy needs of poor: access and equity issues - Planning based on emission norms in mind for meeting transport and energy needs of PU settings - Suggesting options to protect NR along with providing access to various energy sources - Planning needs to be localised and flexible (models of agro-horti-forestry (with limitations of non-inclusion of landless) and pro landless: access and control/management of natural resources (CPRs) by user groups. Eg.VFCs - Creating norms for energy consuming bodies ('polluter pays policies') in PU areas - Classifying recommendations in research or action

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