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Black Liquor to Fuel by Efficient HydroThermal Application integrated to Pulp Mill

Deliverables

Report on optimization of the salt separation

Report on the ability of the salt separator to desalinize inorganic compounds from representative black liquor complex mixture, and on the strategies to continuously extract the salts.

Process design and analysis for the integration of the production of HTL biofuels in conventional pulp mills

Report describing the integrated concept design developed in task 4.1.1 and the process analysis performed in task 1.4.2.

Scale-up, risks and costing of integrating the production of HTL biofuels in conventional pulp mills

Report on the scale-up methodology and analysis of the overall concept design with estimation of the capital and operating costs including mitigation of technical risks.

Report on the mid-term workshop

Proceedings of the first workshop organised by the midterm project

Report on batch experiments with different feedstocks and evaluation of concentration profiles. Performance of on-line analytics

Report on batch experiments with different feedstocks and evaluation of concentration profiles. Performance of on-line analytics.

Feasibility assessment of integrating the production of HTL biofuels in conventional pulp mills

Report on the economic analysis of the overall process based on a representative business case.

Report on continuous HTL process

Operability and performance of the continuous HTL process. Kinetic parameters, correlations, models, and performance of heat and pumping energy recovery systems (Task 1.3.1 and 1.3.2). Test results of industrial black liquors, including kinetic parameters, correlations, models, and performance of heat and pumping energy recovery systems (Task 1.3.3).

Report on the environmental sustainability assessment

A report on the methodology and the results of the assessment of the environmental sustainability of the BL2F value chains.

Project Management Plan

A Project Management Plan for project partners, including general info, definition of roles and responsibilities, guidelines, quality assurance plan and training material on research ethics, project procedures, etc. Also includes a Gantt chart and a work Breakdown Structure.

Report on Summer School

Report summarizing the organization, program and outcome of the summer school along with the presentations shown and working material elaborated.

Report on the final workshop

Proceedings of the second workshop organised by the end of the project.

Report on corrosion resistant alloys and recommendation

Corrosion mechanisms, and performance of the most relevant metal alloys in HTL conditions.

Report on the online analysis of the HTL-oil

Capability of the online analysis method on the measurement and control of the properties of the HTL-oil.

Report on economic sustainability and ecoefficiency analysis

A report on the methodology and the results of the economic sustainability and the eco-efficiency potential of BL2F.

Visual identity, project website and social media accounts

Description of the visual identity of the project, the public website plus the Twitter and LinkedIn accounts described in task 7.1.

Replicability analysis

Report that evaluates the potential of the BL2F solution to be applied to other sectors

Report on feedstock characterization

Report on the selection of feedstocks and characterization of their chemical and physical properties (Task 1.1)

Report on 2nd stage HDO

Report on testing and selection of 2nd stage HDO catalyst.

Report Circularity performance assessment

A report on the selection and description of the circularity assessment methodology, environmental, economic and social indicators of BL2F.

Report on overall side stream treatment concept

Report on the selected aqueous streams and gas treatment concepts.

Demand scenarios for biofuels in 2040

Report on major trends influencing the future demand of biofuels

Policy & stakeholder assessment

Report mapping national and EU policies and stakeholders, with recommendations for policy interventions and measures

Dissemination & Communication Plan

Plan outlining all the communication and dissemination activities (overall strategy, key messages, target audiences, visual identity and social media channels, handbook for partners...) related to task 7.1 and task 7.2

Report on IHDO

Report on testing and selection of IHDO catalyst.

Report on aqueous phase reforming concept

Report on the long-term operation of reforming catalyst and its integration to the IHTL process.

Report on integrated HTL-salt separation

Report on the ability of salt separator to desalinize black liquor while maintaining high liquefaction efficiency (integrated HTL-salt separator), the steadiness of the separation over time and the quality of the desalinized stream (S content, inorganics and organics).

Report on public engagement activities

Description of the communication materials produced, and activities carried out in task 7.3.

Report on HDO kinetic modelling

Report on HDO kinetic model development and parameter estimation.

Report on HTL-oil characterization

Providing comprehensive compositional data of the HTL-oil sample(s) and analytical method description as well as concentration profiles of key products in dependence of reaction conditions, and the stability of fuel intermediate (linked with WP3).

Process scale-up modelling tool and CFD modelling reports

Reports about the model structures and modelling principles, their main input variables and results.

Data Management Plan

A detailed plan for data management, incl. information about the data collected and generated under the project, handling, publishing and the storing of the data after the project.

Publications

Hydrodeoxygenation of Black Liquor HTL-Oil Model Compounds in Supercritical Water

Author(s): Rautiainen, S; Hyppönen, F; Viertiö, T; Lehtonen, J; Meca, L; Kukula, P
Published in: NWBC 2022: The 10th Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conference, Issue VTT Technology 409, 2022, ISBN 978-951-38-8772-8
Publisher: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
DOI: 10.32040/2242-122x.2022.t409

Corrosion performance of different alloys exposed to HTL conditions - A screening study

Author(s): Blucher, D; Lange, T; Saanum, I; Sandquist, J; Uusitalo, M
Published in: 31st European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Issue European biomass conference and exhibition proceedings, 2023, Page(s) 988-991, ISBN 978-88-89407-23-3
Publisher: European biomass conference and exhibition proceedings
DOI: 10.5071/31steubce2023-5cv.1.1

Assessing the future prospects of emerging technologies for shipping and aviation biofuels: A critical review

Author(s): Arias, A,; Nika, C.-E.: Vasilaki V.; Feijoo, G; Moreira, M.; Katsou, E
Published in: Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, Issue Volume 197, June 2024, 2024, ISSN 1364-0321
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114427

Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Author(s): Lappalainen, Jukka; Baudouin, David; Hornung, Ursel; Schuler, Julia; Melin, Kristian; Bjelić, Saša; Vogel, Frédéric; Konttinen, Jukka; Joronen, Tero
Published in: Energies, 13 (13), Article: 3309, Issue 13, 2020, ISSN 1996-1073
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI: 10.5445/ir/1000122112

Continuous Extraction of Black Liquor Salts under Hydrothermal Conditions

Author(s): Runyu Wang, Roger Deplazes, Frédéric Vogel, and David Baudouin
Published in: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Issue 2021, 60, 10, 2021, Page(s) 4072-4085, ISSN 1520-5045
Publisher: American Chemical Society
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05203

Development of strategies for continuous desalination of weak black liquor based on phase-behaviour analysis

Author(s): Nicholas I. Canabarro, Darius J. Yeadon, Maximilian Wörner, Ursel Hornung, Frédéric Vogel, David Baudouin
Published in: Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2024, ISSN 0896-8446
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106230

Eutectic solvents for the valorisation of the aqueous phase from hydrothermally liquefied black liquor

Author(s): Pola, L., Collado, S., Wörner, M., Hornung, U., Diaz, M
Published in: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Issue colume 11, issue 5, 2023, ISSN 2213-3437
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.111040

Valorisation of the residual aqueous phase from hydrothermally liquefied black liquor by persulphate-based advanced oxidation

Author(s): Lucía Pola; Sergio Collado; Maximilian Wörner; Ursel Hornung; Mario Díaz
Published in: Chemosphere, 339, Art.-Nr.: 139737, Issue 10, 2023, ISSN 0045-6535
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139737

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