Democratic Efficacy and the Varieties of Populism in Europe

Rezultaty

Populism and policymaking: local, national and international levels; Populism and democracy

LEAD CSS HAS UBWP5 and WP6D51 Report on the effect of populism on governance styles and policy making at different levels of governance comprises tasks 51 to 54Task 51 picks up on the recent stream of populism research and takes a closer look at the supply side of populism following the third wave of research on populist parties Mudde 2016 Populist parties have become of interest not only as products but also as producers of new policies Kitschelt 1995 Mudde 2007 Building on a comparative analysis of populist parties and on a quantitative approach to their policy positions within the rightleft continuum we investigate the following questions Is there a cluster of policy positions that distinguish populist parties from other established parties Do these policy positions reflect the emergence of a new cleavage in modern societies in Europe Kriesi et al 2006 2008 2012 How do populist parties change their policy positions andor their antiestablishment attitude once they have entered the government Sources data collection Manifesto Research on Political Representation MARPOR 19892016Method quantitative comparative analysis Lead CSS HAS contributors GCU CU AMU UB ELIAMEP SKAMBAD62 Report on the impact of populism on democratic institutions party systems and citizens comprises tasks 62 to 64Is populism affecting the design and operations of democratic institutions Populism is sometime interpreted as an essentially democratic phenomenon Is it actually enhancing democracy and if so how EU The first most obvious impact can be detected in the case of the European Parliament since more and more populist parties are present there Thus we need to explore at least the effects of the 2009 and 2014 elections on the content presence of populist party MEPs and operations of the European Parliament what role they play how many of them were rapporteurs and how this affected their legislative work drawing on the work done under task 54Second we will investigate the party manifestos of populist parties and identify institutional proposals concerning specifically the political system and democracy The aim is to test whether populist parties are upholding the case for democracy or notThird we will study the effect of populism on the media Using network analysis we will explore the connections between the media sites populist parties and movements have created We will test the hypothesis whether populist media outlets are more closely related to fake news portals Using the Digital Dashboard we will also study the extent of Russian influence on populist sites using search terms related to Russian thematisation of politicsMethod qualitative analysis text mining network analysis Lead SKAMBA contributors GCU PEM ELIAMEP UP UNITO AMU

Citizens on countering populism

Report on citizens own recommendations and feedback to the policy proposals to increase democratic efficacy and address populismTask 83 Crowdsourcing citizens opinions and recommendationsECAS will solicit the opinion of EU citizens regarding populism and democracy the concrete subthemes will be developed based on the results of WP7 This will be done during eight months using a customised online multilingual platform for stakeholder engagement ECAS will prepare targeted questions to check and compare what citizens from different countries and backgrounds are experiencing based on the policy recommendations to increase democratic efficacy and address populism ECAS will moderate and support the content of the platform and carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data ECAS will take care of promoting the platform along with the other project partners to ensure at least 500 active users providing input in addition to all the users who will visit the platform and see the results The platform would be tailormade for this project rather than a standard product with fixed features we plan on including a few key elements multilingual features with automated translation preferential voting content sharing automated newsletter micro polls and micro debates Lead ECAS contributor GCU

The motives behind the support for populism

Report on the motives of supporting populist arguments421 Focus groupsIn addition to the collection of quantitative data we will conduct interviews with focus groups from target populist groups in Germany Lithuania Hungary and the Netherlands We will find these focus groups trough local communities and our contacts within different countries We will ask them about their motives and reasons to support these views The narratives will be coded on the use of emotions as arguments and populist language Methodology interviews focus groups Lead KTU contributors UVA UHA CSS HAS

Communication and Dissemination

Delivery dates Months 4 6 12 and 42D111 Communication and Dissemination It comprises A communication dissemination and sustainability plan CDSP with a Midterm Month 12 and final Month 42 impact evaluation report updates including media coverage section and social media impact analysis A stakeholder engagement strategy included as a section in CDSP Project communication dissemination materials ie website social media blog posts short project videos quarterly newsletter press briefs and the Scientific Communication Platform Months 6 42 Final conference and policy roundtable To take place in Brussels Month 42 with estimated number of 10 press cuts A debrief on the roundtable will be included in the final Technical Report as an annex

Validation report 1

With the QAP as a guide the UHAM will periodically validate project deliverables in close collaboration with the Advisory Board through reports that provide feedback on the degree to which project activities and were achieved Reports will be submitted to the Management Team for their consideration elaborated in section 321 on pp 6467

Quality Assurance Plan

A list of evaluation criteria (D10.1) will then culminate in a larger Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) to ensure that the project’s overall policies, participant roles and responsibilities, the quality procedures and the means of ensuring that all the activities (R&D activities, deliverable writing, etc.) are in conformance with the contract provisions and specifications (D10.2).

Report on kick-off meeting

D1.3 Report on kick-off meeting (Month 1).

Periodic report for partners and stakeholders

D12 Periodic report for partners and stakeholders Month 16 34 and 42

Reactions to populism: citizens report and policy brief

Report on citizens reactions to populism and workshops report on civil society strategies and best practices for coping with populism and policy brief annexTask 71 Citizens reactionsCitizens reactions will be study both in terms of behaviours and opinionsOn the one hand we will pinpoint individual deliberations of the subjects of discursive visual and policy centred expressions of populism These subjects need not to be uncomfortable allthroughout but could also feel themselves at home at the face of populist expressions Yet it is our task to follow dialogics of these subjects and ascertain how they make and follow Iself amidst discursive performative and policycentred manifestations of populism We define our context of research mainly following the definition of other that this project foregrounds but also include what the populist actors would consider as their likely audience Establish personal and public identity framing to cope or be confluent with populist manifestations Following Iself in discourse and introducing digital tools and creative arts methods to harness subjects expressiveness this task will forge generalisations in terms of interrelationships between the subjects and populist discourse imagery and policy At the outset interviews set in hubs across the partner institutions will inductively present us with how the subject functions at the face of populist manifestations A further group of particularly youth participations will be selected and trained in Glasgow to apply digital techniques such as podcasts short videos Upon consent their stories work will be performed within 5 digital galleries organised on crossnational themes that the conceptual work packages have exploredOn the other hand focus groups with ordinary citizens will be conducted in order to investigate how citizens react to populist messages in terms of political opinions and attitudes In particular it is of primary importance to assess how citizens react to the key elements of populism namely the populist actors criticism towards the elites political media intellectual and economic one and the outgroups as well as the populist conception of the people as a homogenous group The reactions to populism should be measured in terms ofCitizens level of agreement with the key elements of populism involving the identification of what citizens appreciate or disparage of populism as an ideology and as a political style It will help to understand why populism is so successful in different countriesCitizens degree of satisfaction with the functioning of democracy in order to verify whether populist criticism towards the political elite generates a lack of trust in the functioning of representative democracy Citizens online forms political participation by verifying whether they support or criticise populist messagesMethodsFace to face experimental survey to be conducted on a sample of citizens representative of the European countries involved in the study Focus groups to be conducted on homogeneous groups of populist parties supporters one focus for each national populist party and not populist voters one focus for the two main national nonpopulist parties among the European Countries involved in the study Content analysis to be conducted on the users comments and reactions to populist leaders posts on social media using the Digital DashboardLead GCU contributors AMU UNITO UL UB ECASTask 72 Civic engagement and antipopulist movementsOnce understood how citizens perceive populist discourse and what their individual reactions are a further step is to understand if there are more organised forms of reaction among citizens This means mapping existing civil society organisations civic movements and programmes involved in antipopulist activities and their particular approach to it and identifying the potential for synergies EU

Validation report 2

Validation report 2With the QAP as a guide the UHAM will periodically validate project deliverables in close collaboration with the Advisory Board through reports that provide feedback on the degree to which project activities and were achieved Reports will be submitted to the Management Team for their consideration elaborated in section 321 on pp 6467

Conceptualizing democratic efficacy; Conceptualizing the varieties of populism

Lead beneficiaries: KTU and ELIAMEP Links to WP: 3 & 2. D3.1 description: Report on the concept and measurement (indicators) of democratic efficacy. (Month 5 – to be delivered jointly with D2.1)) refines the initial definition of democratic efficacy, identifying the indicators for the relevant dimensions and elements of the concept. Using national and international surveys, interaction effects will be tested between the dimensions of the concept. Varieties of democratic efficacy with slightly different indicators will be developed and empirically tested for validity, reliability and applicability in different countries. Lead: CSS HAS, contributors: GCU, KTU, UVA, UHAM, UNITO, AMU D2.1 description: Report on the conceptualisation of populism and the changing notions of populism in the academic literature, and analysing varieties of populism across Europe and beyond (Month 5) - The task will analyse the different conceptualisations of populism, including philosophical, sociological, cultural and gender-based approaches; offer a synthesis and define varieties of populism for comparative research to be undertaken in the rest of WPs. Furthermore, the task will also reflect on what is to be gained from existing analyses of populism outside of Europe, namely in Latin America. The purpose of this will be to correct possible Eurocentric bias as, despite differences with Europe, the experience of populism in Latin America is a very important source for the study of the origins and role of populism in a democratic context. The task will also refine the tentative analytical framework (presented in the Concepts part of the proposal) to create a typology of European populisms. Research methods: literature review, theoretical work. Lead: ELIAMEP. Contributions from CCS HAS, SKAMBA, CU, and UB.

Report on 2nd project meeting

D14 Report on 2nd project meeting Month 24

Cognitive processes and populist arguments

Report on experiments on processing style the use of information versus feelings in supporting populist arguments422 The role of anxiety In a number of studies conducted in the Netherlands and Hungary we test the effects of anxiety on a levels of anger and hate and b support for populist arguments and distrust towards the political system the elite Implicit measures of anxiety will be developed to be used in these studies We will manipulate the extent to which people feel anxiety by having them read fake newspaper articles on either positive or negative effects regarding refugees influx on well fare cultural identity and work for members of the host communityA comparative online survey will assess anxiety related to the COVID pandemic and the emotional and attitudinal responses in five countries Methodology experiments Lead UVA contributor CSS HAS43 Cognitive processing style and the role of information 431 The relation between cognitive processing styles and populist attitudes The idea is tested whether two different cognitive processing styles Epstein 2003 namely rational versus experiential processing can be related to more or less populist attitudes We will analyse the effects of cognitive style on populist attitudes by manipulating situationspecific processing style and controlling for individual differences in cognitive processing The study will be administered in two different countries who differ on populism at the country levelMethodology experiments KTU432 The effect of framing of political information in emotional or objective ways on the support of populist attitudes In this series of experiments participants read fake newspaper articles in different conditions that are framed in more emotional or in neutral ways by using different types of wordsexpressions We measure support for antipopulist messages and memory for details of the newspaper article after reading the articles experiment 1 and decisions to donate money for immigrantsrefugees or not experiment 2 presenting information to others experiment 3 Methodology experiments UVATask 44 Studies on the role of information versus feelings in developing populist argumentsIn a largescale labinthefield trust game experiment in Germany and Hungary high school students age between 1316 from different English classes in at least two different countries will be randomly sorted into small groups that chat with each other via an online platform possible provided by ERCAS or another private partner The chats groups have two conditions Half of the small chat groups are required to provide their informational sources when giving opinions during their chat the other half is asked to exchange only opinions without revealing their informational sources After the chat groups in both conditions collectively decide how large a share of their joint experimental budget they want to donate to help refugees The decision is made by majority rule After the vote there will be a questionnaire that the school students answer anonymously They then play a trust game with each other At the beginning of the experiment we measure how they feel at that moment which is repeated after the collective decision has been taken Finally we will measure their emotions towards refugees and immigrants social identity trust in the government and agreement with some political statements central to populist reasoning Methodology Trust games chat groups in experimental settings Lead UHA contributors KTU UVA CSS HAS

Policy recommendations

Summary of the key findings of DEMOS on populism and democratic efficacy including report on the medium to longterm scenarios on the consequences of populism and policy recommendationsTask 91 Summarising research on populism and democratic efficacyAn edited volume will summarise the research results of DEMOS on the varieties of populism across Europe the sociopsychological roots of populist sentiments the populist governance and the effect of populism on people organisations and institutions indicators and predictors of populism It will also present how democratic efficacy can address the populist challenge how social actors react and respond to it what kind of institutional arrangements at the macro level and interventions at the individual level are best fit to deal with it The aim is to provide an account of the main research findings which is accessible not only by academicians but policymakers and the wider public as wellLead CSS HAS contributions from allTask 92 Foresights and scenarios on the consequences of populism in EuropeDrawing particularly on the scenarios developed in WP7 this task will summarise the alternative prospects of populism in Europe in general and in terms of its interactions with particular social groups and institutions including the EU in particular Lead GCU contributions from allTask 93 Formulating policy recommendationsSynthesising the practical implications of the work undertaken by DEMOS a report for policymakers will be developed with a sharp focus on evidencebased policy options and recommendations Discussion will be given to policies addressing the social factors predicting populism the development of resilient and inclusive political institutions susceptible to enhance democratic efficacy and address the populist challenge legal regulations on the media and the parties ways of addressing legal and penal populism increasing trust in public institutions educational policies that support the objective of civic education and increase democratic efficacy policies that help the civil society and bottomup initiatives to face populism and stand for social groups that are underrepresented in politics andor targets of populism youth women immigrants etc tools that can be used in schools and communities to increase sensitivity concerning the ills of populismThe report on policy recommendations will serve as a basis for a series of briefing documents that will outline quite specific policy recommendations for domestic and EU policymakers Policy briefs will be drafted in accordance with the guidelines on form and style suggested by the EC guide on communicating research for evidencebased policymaking 2010 Lead SKAMBA contributions from all

Triggers of populism; Democratic efficacy: the state of the art; Populist attitudes and emotions; and policy brief annex

LEAD: ELIAMEP, KTU, UVA (WPS 2, 3, AND 4) D2.2:Report on populist actors, discourses, institutional contexts and policies that trigger populism. Additionally, a policy annex will be included.(Month 12) D3.2: Report on the state of democratic efficacy in the member states as well as its relationship to educational systems, and schools. (Month 12 – to be delivered jointly with D2.2 with a policy brief annex) D4.2: Report of the survey on the relations between identity, emotions, trust and populist attitudes in the countries involved (Month 12 – to be delivered jointly with D2.2 and included in respective policy brief annex)

Validation Criteria

UHAM will define the standards through which project activities and results should be validated. This task will begin after the end of a state-of-the-art review (month 6) that provides experts with the most updated evidence on which project activities will be based and define criteria for research to be carried out within each WP.

The legal impacts of populism

Report on the effect of populism on laws legal concepts and juridical processesPopulism in ordinary jurisprudence and constitutional jurisprudence The task intends to focus also on the politically influenced lawsuits the problem of when the courts should consider the public opinion during decisionmaking and in general the ways of understanding judicial populism One of the most important questions revolves around the effect of judicial populism on the quality of adjudication and on the legal system as a whole

Deliberation and populism

Report on the effectiveness of deliberative techniques in fighting populist argumentsTask 81 Testing deliberative protocolsWe will test a number of different deliberation protocols in a laboratory experiment The leading question will be how one can maximise the effectiveness of deliberation in enhancing democratic efficacy and addressing populism As Brandts Gerhards and Mechtenberg 2018 have shown also with the help of a lab experiment unmonitored and unstructured deliberation between an elite and a less wellinformed group deteriorates over time due to increasing distrust and use of adversarial language and protest votes increase In the pilot project different deliberation protocols will be tested that may amend this problem 1 Deliberation with regular resets experimental research has shown that cooperativeness increases after a reset 2 Deliberation with a soft selfcommitment of participants to respectful language and equal treatment of all participants 3 Deliberation preceded by the election of a monitoring moderator who controls the deliberation process with respect to respectful language and equal treatment of all participants 4 Deliberation accompanied by a factchecker to whom participants can appeal in case of evolving distrust 5 Deliberation in groups with varying a size and b heterogeneity social distance 6 Deliberation with different decision rules simple majority supermajority rules unanimity The analysis of this pilot project will focus on the influence of the deliberative structure and decision rules on the use of emotional versus informative adversary versus neutral language and on decision outcomes cooperative versus conflictoriented and will guide the design of the deliberation platforms by ECASMoreover UHAM will conduct a survey and selected interviews with treated and untreated school children from the field experiment in WP 4 and their teachers three months after conducting the field experiment itself Here the leading research questions are Are there longterm effects of the experimental treatments on the tendency to embrace populist views Thus would chat rooms for European school children with communication rules as tested in the experiment in WP 4 be a policy measure that is effective in impeding populism among the youngMethods experiments survey interview UHAMTask 82 Deliberative pollingECAS and CSS HAS will organise Citizens Deliberations in three countries based on the model and method developed by America Speaks the 21st Century Town Hall Meeting These deliberations are structured dialogue events that involve plenary debates amongst all participants and table level debates where participants sit in small working groups Citizens will thus work at tables and in plenary to deliberate on politically sensitive topics that are used in populist discourses eg immigration They will be supported by both professionals and by modern technology such as electronic voting to help the group arrive at a consensus As deliberations are professionally facilitated and take place in small working groups typically 812 people it is possible for every citizen present to become involved in the discussion and to make their voice heard The results are then discussed in the next dialogue step Creative elements will also be integrated ensuring that the event is both fun and productive Deliberative polling at the beginning and at the end of the deliberations asking the same questions will inform us on any change of opinionsLead ECAS contributor CSS HAS

Measuring populism

Measures of populism and of predictors of populism (overall index at country level and individual survey measures of support for populist arguments)

Validation report 3

Validation report 3With the QAP as a guide the UHAM will periodically validate project deliverables in close collaboration with the Advisory Board through reports that provide feedback on the degree to which project activities and were achieved Reports will be submitted to the Management Team for their consideration elaborated in section 321 on pp 6467

Report on final project meeting

D15 Report on final project meeting Month 42

Reactions to populism: institutions

Report on reactions to populism news media legal rections and schoolsTask 73 Journalists responses and scenariosBesides citizens a second key actor for a correct functioning of democracy is journalism and news media system Populism presents particular challenges to journalism It is assumed that news media journalism has been challenged by the distrust of populists politicians refined media management and regulation and other antiintellectual attitudesmeasures There is a pressing need to maintain professional and ethical values while the media struggles with the rise of populism all over the Europe The aim of the task is to comprehend and assess how news media journalists perceive and react to populism in politics In particular the task is to assess whether populism in action has any influence on journalistic norms professional values and editorial practises Other way around also the media responses are investigated as a part of the media opportunity structure for populist parties policies and leaders It is to map out the different models of media quarantine cooptation or collaboration with populist forces The task reveals the journalistic perspective on populisms by addressing the question whether there is an interplay between the populist Zeitgeist and changing ethicalprofessional practises Researchers firstly will conduct semistructured interviews on a small sample of journalists in order to understand the impact of populism on their job These results will allow the researchers to construct a convincing online survey for investigating a bigger representative samples of news media journalists in order to individuate clusters of journalistic role perceptions from the perspective of populism Scenarios will be drafted on the interactions of populism and the mediaLead UNITO contributors AMU UL UB SKAMBA CUNITask 74 Political reactions and scenariosRelying on the work done under task 63 the aim of the task is to comprehend and assess how mainstream political leadersparties perceive and react to populism in politics Both the ideological and the communicative dimensions of this phenomenon will be taken into account Consequently the task is to assess how traditional parties react to populism modifying their communication strategies for example by adopting part of the populist rhetorical devices used by populist actors or by sharply criticising populist formations and their messages Moreover also the strategies adopted by traditional parties in order to deal with populist parties in the National and European legislative arenas will be investigatedBased on the empirical material gathered scenarios about possible prospects will be elaborated on probable political reactions to populismMethod Semistructured interviews on the leaders of the European and National mainstream parties and on their PartyChair in the European and National Parliaments Content analysis of party programmes 2019 European Elections and last national General ElectionsLead ELIAMEP contributions CUNI SKAMBA UL AMU UBTask 75 Legal reactions and scenariosBuilding on task 61 this task will classify legal institutions and solutions as either reinforcing or taming anticonstitutionalist moves or else remain neutral building on a broad take on questions like electoral systems campaign regulation and referendum policies on fake news integration policies etc Possible scenarios on the prospects of the European project in this perspective will be elaboratedThe research will address the puzzle in enlargement conditionality literature on how can institutionallegal reforms become sustainable guarantees that are hard to be reverted once conditionality pressure fades Our goal is to formulate policy recommendations based on best practices and innovative proposals for how to best counter anticonstitutionalist tendencies Lead UCPH contributions UB PEM CCS HASTask 76 SchoolsInterv

Addressing the populist challenge: tools

Tools: identity game, trust game, educational tools and tool for detecting Russian :influence:Task 8.4 Developing community and education toolsIdentity project tool. In this task, we will experiment to talk about politically sensitive topics in different role plays. Based on the outcomes of WP4, we will invite participants to the lab, where we have them discuss a politically sensitive topic (e.g., how much money should go to the support of refugees in your country). We will invite people with different socio-economic backgrounds, and with different political sympathies. We will record their conversations on video. In order to examine the effect of different forms of identification, we will ask them to take different roles, associated with different social identities, for example a European politician, a refugee, the local mayor, etc.). We will code the emotional contents of their conversations and the end-points of their debates (who has ‘won’ on the basis of which arguments). The objective is to develop a community and educational tool playing with identities and making people more sensitive to pluralism and otherness. (UVA)Building an immune system against fake news. We wish to reduce the vulnerability to fake news by designing and implementing an online social-psychological intervention, which aims not only at observing and measuring personal and social behaviour but bringing about positive change in psychological processes (so called “wise” interventions). Our aim is to increase students’ critical attitude towards media and news and develop an “immune system” against fake news and misinformation via an online tool. During the intervention, participating students will be asked to “click through” a 30-min long e-program, which will randomly assign half of the participants to the “fake news immune system” treatment condition and the other half of the participants to the control condition. The intervention aims at inducing recursive processes that can become stronger and stronger over time with accumulating strategies how to discover and uncover fake news. Instead of direct persuasive strategies, the intervention will be based on the persuasive power of norms, testimonials of students about the advantages of using rational arguments and self-persuasive strategies. Before and one month after the intervention self-reported measures will be used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. The intervention is going to involve 1000 high school students who are “at-risk” and have higher susceptibility to believe in fake news. (CSS HAS)Budgeting game. Simulation game between student groups on allocating budgetary money. The aim is to raise awareness on the complexity of political (budgeting) processes as well as on the legitimacy of plural interests and values. (UHAM, GCU)Task 8.5 Tool for detecting Russian influence on populist actorsEuropean decision makers repeatedly called the attention on the dangers of fake news sites, many of which are known to be financed or even operated by Russian agents. Russia has been supporting European radical right and populist parties as well. In this task we will develop a methodology for citizens and politicians to detect and measure Russian influence on populist actors (to be tested through the Crowdsourcing citizens’ opinions and recommendations platform: Task 8.3). The methodology will be a tool for detecting, assessing, measuring and analysing the populist channel for and the effectiveness of Russian influence and propaganda and will serve democratic political and civil actors, and the larger public. To be thorough and effectively measurable, the methodology will solicit citizen feedback by capturing citizens’ views through their discussions on social media on Russian influence. This will be done through the citizen’s platform based on several structured questions and coding key words that point out to Russian influence, which will be incorporated i

Data Management Plan

Due Date 6 and 42DEMOS takes into account the importance of making research data accessible and available for sharing among interested audiences and plans on using the existing data archives and services to ensure proper curation preservation and sharing of collectedgenerated data As DEMOS is keen on being part of the Pilot on Open Research Data in Horizon 2020 it will develop a detailed Data Management Plan as part of its project management activities to be implemented throughout the project lifetime Information will be gathered from partner institutions regarding relevant national and institutional regulations it will be followed by the drafting of Guidelines for Data Protection and Ethics document and then by the end of Month 6 a Data Management Plan will be finalised The Plan will be evaluated and adapted yearly to ensure its usefulness and relevance The partners will develop the Data Management Plan following the existing H2020 guidelines and standards including those produced by the different data archives and services as available through Council of European Social Sciences Data Archives DEMOS partners will liaise with CESSDAERIC members in their respective home countries where there is such a data archiveservice to deposit the data collected through the Data ServicesData Archives for coding anonymisation of data ethical and privacy issues storage and sharing etc Furthermore all project deliverables will be publicly available via the project website Though costs related to Open Access publishing for scientific papers and publications produced throughout DEMOS lifetime have not been budgeted all partners will engage in green open access ie selfarchiving whereby published articles or final peerreviewed manuscripts are archived by the researcher or a representative in an online repository before after or alongside its publication The Data Management Plan will be revised in Month 42 as part of the final conference and the policy roundtable

Publikacje

Constitutional Erosion in Spain: From the Catalan Pro-Independence Crisis to the (Intended) Judiciary Reforms

Autorzy: Núria González Campañá
Opublikowane w: Populism and Contemporary Democracy in Europe - Old Problems and New Challenges, Numer 13 April 2022, 2022, Strona(/y) 157–178, ISBN 978-3-030-92884-1
Wydawca: Palgrave Macmillan
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92884-1_8

Populism and Populist Constitutionalism

Autorzy: Zoltán Szente
Opublikowane w: Populist Challenges to Constitutional Interpretation in Europe and Beyond, Numer 4 May 2021, 2021, Strona(/y) 3-28, ISBN 9781003148944
Wydawca: Routledge
DOI: 10.4324/9781003148944

The Effect of Political Regimes on Policy Agendas: A Theoretical Framework

Autorzy: Zsolt Boda
Opublikowane w: Policy Agendas in Autocracy, and Hybrid Regimes: The Case of Hungary, Numer 02 June 2021, 2021, Strona(/y) pp. 19-32, ISBN 978-3-030-73222-6
Wydawca: Palgrave Macmillan
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73223-3

France: Governmental unpreparedness as a discursive opportunity for populists

Autorzy: Martin Baloge and Nicolas Hubé
Opublikowane w: Populism and the Politicization of the COVID-19 Crisis in Europe, Numer 02 March 2021, 2021, Strona(/y) -, ISBN 978-3-030-66011-6
Wydawca: Palgrave Macmillan
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66011-6_5

Constitutional interpretation under the new Fundamental Law of Hungary

Autorzy: Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz
Opublikowane w: Populist Challenges to Constitutional Interpretation in Europe and Beyond, Numer 4 May 2021, 2021, Strona(/y) 143-159, ISBN 9781003148944
Wydawca: Routledge

Populism and Contemporary Democracy

Autorzy: Josep Maria Castellà and Marco Antonio Simonelli
Opublikowane w: Populism and Contemporary Democracy in Europe - Old Problems and New Challenges, Numer 13 April 2022, 2022, Strona(/y) 1-21, ISBN 978-3-030-92884-1
Wydawca: Palgrave Macmillan
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92884-1_1

The art of constitutional interpretation

Autorzy: Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz and Zoltán Szente
Opublikowane w: Populist Challenges to Constitutional Interpretation in Europe and Beyond, Numer 2021, 2021, Strona(/y) 29-42, ISBN 9781003148944
Wydawca: Routledge

Spain: Is ideology back in populist discourse?

Autorzy: Jaume Magre, Lluis Medir, and Esther Pano
Opublikowane w: Populism and the Politicization of the COVID-19 Crisis in Europe, Numer 02 March 2021, 2021, Strona(/y) -, ISBN 978-3-030-66011-6
Wydawca: Palgrave Macmillan
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66011-6_3

Italy: Populist in the mirror, (de)politicizing the COVID-19 from government and opposition

Autorzy: Arturo Bertero and Antonella Seddone
Opublikowane w: Populism and the Politicization of the COVID-19 Crisis in Europe, Numer 02 March 2021, 2021, Strona(/y) -, ISBN 978-3-030-66011-6
Wydawca: Palgrave Macmillan
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66011-6_4

The “EU Populist Crisis”: The Effect of Populism on the EU Legal Order and Vice Versa: Populism, EU Responses and EU Constitutional Identity

Autorzy: Helle Krunke, William Alexander Tornøe, and Caroline Egestad Wegener
Opublikowane w: Populism and Contemporary Democracy in Europe - Old Problems and New Challenges, Numer 13 April 2022, 2022, Strona(/y) 211–232, ISBN 978-3-030-92884-1
Wydawca: Palgrave Macmillan
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92884-1_11

Constitutional Effects of Populism in EU Member States, 2010–2020

Autorzy: Zoltán Szente and Fruzsina Gárdos Orosz
Opublikowane w: Populism and Contemporary Democracy in Europe - Old Problems and New Challenges, Numer 13 April 2022, 2022, Strona(/y) 113–135, ISBN 978-3-030-92884-1
Wydawca: Palgrave Macmillan
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92884-1_6

Covid-19 and Constitutional Law in Denmark

Autorzy: Sune Klinge, Helle Krunke, Annemette Fallentin Nyborg, and Jens Elo Rytter
Opublikowane w: Covid-19 and Constitutional Law. Covid-19 et droit constitutionnel, Numer 21/2020, 2020, Strona(/y) pp. 131-139, ISBN 978-607-30-4290-1
Wydawca: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas

Democratic Efficacy and Populist Attitudes: A Conceptual and Empirical Exploration

Autorzy: Márton Bene and Zsolt Boda
Opublikowane w: Current Populism in Europe: Gender-Backlash and Counter-strategies, Numer April 2021, 2021, Strona(/y) pp. 65-78, ISBN 978-80-88289-26-5
Wydawca: HBS Prague

A populisták jobban csinálják? A koronavírus-járvány közpolitikai tanulságai: járványkezelés az európai liberális és populista demokráciákban

Autorzy: Attila Bartha, Marianna Kopasz, and Judit Takács
Opublikowane w: Vírusba oltott politika: Világjárvány és politikatudomány, Numer 2020, 2020, Strona(/y) 89-108, ISBN 978-963-338-465-7
Wydawca: Napvilág Kiadó

UK: Between managed moderation and far-right conspiracy theories

Autorzy: Osman Sahin and Bogdan Ianosev
Opublikowane w: Populism and the Politicization of the COVID-19 Crisis in Europe, Numer 02 March 2021, 2021, ISBN 978-3-030-66011-6
Wydawca: Palgrave Macmillan
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66011-6_2

Between mitigation and dramatization: The effect of the COVID-19 crisis on populists’ discourses and strategies

Autorzy: Giuliano Bobba and Nicolas Hubé
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COVID-19 and Populism: A Sui Generis Crisis

Autorzy: Giuliano Bobba and Nicolas Hubé
Opublikowane w: Populism and the Politicization of the COVID-19 Crisis in Europe, Numer 02 March 2021, 2021, ISBN 978-3-030-66011-6
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Populism, Party Politics and the Economic Crisis in Greece: a Comparison with the case of Portugal

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The COVID-19 Related Communication of Italian Politicians and Its Success on Facebook

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Transnational Solidarity Among European Cities

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“To Watch and Control the Government”. ‘Rediscovering’ Parliaments’ Oversight Function

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Might COVID-19 Help Strengthening European Democracies?

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Preserving Democracy and the Rule of Law in a Pandemic. Some Lessons from the Venice Commission

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The Cause and Retort of Populism: A Formal Political Reasoning (Politics) Without Distinct Ideology as a Response to a Political-Moral Crisis – Turning Laclau’s Theory into a Research Tool

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Czech Republic: Running the State like a Family Business

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How populist are populist parties in France? Understanding parties’ strategies within a systemic approach

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Information Sources Shared on Facebook and Networking by Populist Leaders and Populist Parties in Poland

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France: Two Separate Populist Parties; Two Separate Networks and One Go-Between Group

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Sectoral Special Taxes in Hungary as Instruments of a Populist Fiscal Policy: A Legal Analysis

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Can Human Evolution Help us Understand Support for Populist Movements?

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Boris Kollár and OĽaNO Party Communication on Facebook

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Does context matter? A cross-country investigation of the effects of the media context on external and internal political efficacy

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Media Sources Shared on Facebook and Networking by Erdoğan and the AKP in Turkey

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Enmeshing the mundane and the political: Twitter, LGBTI+ outing and macro-political polarisation in Turkey

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Justifying supranational responses to the anti-constitutionalist challenge: Applying liberal multiculturalism as a background theory

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Paradoxes of populism in the pandemic and beyond

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When Populist Leaders Govern: Conceptualising Populism in Policy Making

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Two Decades of Penal Populism – The Case of Hungary

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Anxious and Angry: Emotional Responses to the COVID-19 Threat

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Rule of law vs. Poland and Hungary – An inconsistent approach?

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‘Everyday Judicial Populism’ in Hungary

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Information Sources Shared on Facebook and Networking by Populist Leaders in Italy

Autorzy: Arturo Bertero
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Populist Political Movement Sme rodina – Boris Kollár (We Are a Family – Boris Kollár)

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‘Refugees are not welcome’: Digital racism, online place-making and the evolving categorization of Syrians in Turkey

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Illegal Legality and the Façade of Good Faith – Migration and Law in Populist Hungary

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Information Sources Shared on Facebook and Networking by Nigel Farage and the UKIP Party in the UK

Autorzy: Lena Karamanidou and Osman Sahin
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Populism and Law in Hungary – Introduction to the Special Issue

Autorzy: Tamás Hoffmann and Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz
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The Twilight of Parliament – Parliamentary Law and Practice in Hungary in Populist Times

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Autorzy: Andrej Školkay and Adina Marincea
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Wydawca: Institute of Political Science
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Two Influential Concepts: Socialist Legality and Constitutional Identity and Their Impact on the Independence of the Judiciary

Autorzy: Fruzsina Gardos-Orosz
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Constitutional Changes in Populist Times

Autorzy: Zoltán Szente
Opublikowane w: Review of Central and East European Law, Numer 08 March 2022, 2022, Strona(/y) 12-36, ISSN 0925-9880
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Conceptualizing Democratic Efficacy

Autorzy: Márton Bene and Zsolt Boda
Opublikowane w: 2020
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Populist Governance in Regional and Local Governments

Autorzy: Esther Pano, Lluís Medir, Jaume Magre, Vlastimil Havlík, Gábor Dobos, Marinella Belluati, Giuliano Bobba, Franca Roncarolo, Antonella Seddone, Osman Sahin
Opublikowane w: 2021
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How to talk about an out-group: Effects on in-group trust and out-group generosity

Autorzy: Jan Biermann, Hendrik Hüning, and Lydia Mechtenberg
Opublikowane w: 2021
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What Kind of Public Policies Trigger Populism

Autorzy: Attila Bartha, Pery Bazoti, Istán Benedek, Eglė Butkevičienė, Dimitris Katsikas, Vaidas Morkevičius, Osman Sahin, Bálint Schlett, Giedrius Žvaliauskas
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Populist Parties: Migration Policy and Discourses in the European Parliament

Autorzy: Lena Karamanidou
Opublikowane w: 2021
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Legal Responses to Populism - Best Practices at National and European Levels

Autorzy: Helle Krunke, Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz, Josep Maria Castellà Andreu, Athanasia Andriopoulou, Sune Klinge, Domonkos Polonyi, Marco Antonio Simonelli, Zoltán Szente, Emese Szilágyi, William Tornøe, Caroline Egestad Wegener
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Detecting Argumentative Discourse in Online Chat Experiments

Autorzy: Hendrik Hüning, Lydia Mechtenberg, and Stephanie W. Wang
Opublikowane w: 2021
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Populism and Social Media: A comparative analysis of populists’ shared content and networks on Facebook

Autorzy: Adina Marincea, Andrej Školkay, Martin Baloge, Arturo Bertero, Giuliano Bobba, Nicolas Hubé, Lena Karamanidou, Artur Lipiński, Moreno Mancosu, Dejan Matic, Osman Sahin, Emmanouil Tsatsanis and Dimitri A. Sotiropoulos
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Socio-Economic or Emotional Predictors of Populist Attitudes across Europe

Autorzy: David Abadi, Pere-Lluis Huguet Cabot, Jan Willem Duyvendak, and Agneta Fischer
Opublikowane w: 2020
Wydawca: PsyArXiv Preprints
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Between normalisation and polarisation - Media populism in comparative perspective

Autorzy: Giuliano Bobba, Antonella Seddone, Moreno Mancosu, Jiří Kocián, Martin Mejstřík, Martin Baloge, Nicolas Hubé, Agnieszka Stępińska, Samuel Bennett, Artur Lipiński, Andrej Školkay, Jaume Magre, Esther Pano, and Lluís Medir
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DEMOS-ANNUAL REPORT (2019-2020)

Autorzy: Zsolt Boda and Vinicius Gorczeski
Opublikowane w: 2020
Wydawca: -

The Expression of Right-Wing Populism in the Netherlands across Facebook Posts

Autorzy: Agneta Fischer, Charlotte Brands, and David Abadi
Opublikowane w: 2020
Wydawca: OSF Preprints
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Impacts of Populism on the Party Systems

Autorzy: Martin Mejstřík, Michal Kubát, Martin Baloge, Gábor Dobos, Nicolas Hubé, Hendrik Hüning, Artur Lipinski, Jaume Magre, Lluís Medir, Esther Pano, Andrej Školkay
Opublikowane w: 2021
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Measuring Democratic Efficacy

Autorzy: Vaidas Morkevičius, Rimantas Rauleckas, Giedrius Žvaliauskas, Eglė Butkevičienė, Zsolt Boda, and Márton Bene
Opublikowane w: 2020
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Exiting the Echo Chamber: Can Discussions in Randomly Formed Groups Change Opinions and Votes?

Autorzy: Hendrik Hüning, Lydia Mechtenberg, and Stephanie W. Wang
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: -

Self-Signaling in Moral Voting

Autorzy: Lydia Mechtenberg, Grischa Perino, Nicolas Treich, Jean-Robert Tyran, and Stephanie W. Wang.
Opublikowane w: 2021
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Does Deliberative Democracy Wane Populist Sentiments? Measuring democratic efficacy at citizens’ assemblies in Eastern and Western Europe

Autorzy: Dániel Oross, Zsolt Boda, Hendrik Nahr, Elisa Lironi, Assya Kavrakova
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: -

Schools’ we-mentality and students’ civic engagement - A text-based approach

Autorzy: Hendrik Hüning
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: -

Populist constitutionalism. Its impact on the constitution, the judiciary and the role of the EU

Autorzy: Josep Maria Castellà Andreu, Marco Antonio Simonelli, Mátyás Bencze, Fruzsina Gárdos Orosz, Zoltán Szente, Helle Krunke, Sune Klinge
Opublikowane w: 2020
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Detecting arguments and their positions in experimental communication data

Autorzy: Hendrik Hüning , Lydia Mechtenberg, and Stephanie W. Wang
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: -

Civic Strategies Addressing Populism - Initiatives to Safeguard Liberal Democracies

Autorzy: Elisa Lironi, Hendrik Nahr, and Rhys Nugent
Opublikowane w: 2021
Wydawca: -

Mapping Policy Patterns of Populist Parties. A Quantitative Cross-Country Analysis

Autorzy: Oliver W. Lembcke
Opublikowane w: 2021
Wydawca: -

DEMOS-ANNUAL REPORT (2020-2021)

Autorzy: Zsolt Boda and Vinicius Gorczeski
Opublikowane w: 2021
Wydawca: -

Group Norms and Policy Preferences: From Bullying to Populist Attitudes

Autorzy: Tamás Keller, Béla Janky, and Zsolt Boda
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: -

Polarization and the disintegration of the polity. Reflections on populism and the future of liberal democracies

Autorzy: Zsolt Boda
Opublikowane w: 2021
Wydawca: Research Documentation Centre

Who are the populists and how to respond to them: Evidence from mainstream European Parliament parties

Autorzy: Dimitri A. Sotiropoulos
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: -

Populist Parties in Contemporary Europe

Autorzy: Michal Kubát and Martin Mejstřík, Martin Baloge, Giuliano Bobba, Daniel Castillero, Cristina Cremonesi, Gábor Dobos, Jaume Magrán Ferran, Nicolas Hubé, Hendrik Hüning, Bogdan Ianosev, Sune Klinge, Umut Korkut, Helle Krunke, Oliver Lembcke, Artur Lipinski, Moreno Mancosu, Dejan Matic, Lluis Medir, Vaidas Morkevičius, Esther Pano, Franca Roncarolo, Osman Sahin, Antonella Seddone, Andrej Ško
Opublikowane w: 2020
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On the Institutional Context of Populism

Autorzy: Josep Maria Castellà and Marco Antonio Simonelli
Opublikowane w: 2020
Wydawca: -

Unmasking populism – modalities, scenarios, and responses to a persistent threat

Autorzy: Teodora Dinova and Gabriela Savova
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: Research Documentation Centre, Centre for Social Sciences

Populist Communication on Social Media

Autorzy: Samuel Bennett, Artur Lipiński, Agnieszka Stępińska, David Abadi, Martin Baloge, Giuliano Bobba, Eglė Butkevičienė, Charlotte Brands, Agneta Fischer, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Nicolas Hubé, Bogdan Ianosev Glasgow Caledonian University, Lena Karamanidou, Sune Klinge, Jiří Kocián, Umut Korkut, Jaume Magre, Moreno Mancosu, Adina Marincea, Dejan Matic, Luis Medir, Vaidas Morkevičius, Esther
Opublikowane w: 2020
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The Populist Challenge of Common EU Policies - The Case of (Im)migration

Autorzy: Lukasz Gruszczynski, Réka Friedery, Andrea Crescenzi, Angeliki Dimitriadi, Katarzyna du Vall, Rosita Forastiero, Zsolt Körtvélyesi, Andrej Školkay, Viktor Szép
Opublikowane w: 2021
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Democratic Efficacy and Schools - Curricula, Institutions, and Attitudes

Autorzy: Zsolt Boda, Eglė Butkevičienė, Moreno Mancosu, Vaidas Morkevicius, Attila Z. Papp
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: -

Wing - Background information and lesson plans for the online game

Autorzy: Júlia Vujovits, Gábor Polyák, Orsolya Lencse-Csík
Opublikowane w: 2022
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Populist policy positions in the European Parliament - The Eurozone Crisis

Autorzy: Balázs Horváthy and Viktor Szép
Opublikowane w: 2021
Wydawca: -

Why do people agree with populists? A comparative study on attitudes and social media use

Autorzy: Osman Sahin, Bogdan Ianosev, Federico Vegetti, Umut Korkut, Giuliano Bobba, Moreno Mancosu, Antonella Seddone, Artur Lipiński, Nicolas Hubé, Martin Baloge, Jose Maria Castella Andreu, Esther Pano Puey, Samuel Bennett, and Agnieszja Stepinska
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: -

Populist Governance and Policies in Europe

Autorzy: Attila Bartha, Dimitri A. Sotiropoulos, Dimitris Katsikas, Manos Tsatsanis, András László Pap, Mihály Tóth, Bálint Halász, Giedrius Žvaliauskas, Vaidas Morkevičius, Eglė Butkevičienė, Artur Lipiński, Andrej Školkay, Igor Daniš, Veronika Vass-Vigh, Boris Krešić, Veljko Turanjanin, Borko Mihajlović, and Osman Sahin
Opublikowane w: 2021
Wydawca: -

Building an Immune System Against Fake News - Intervention Toolkit to Spot Disinformation

Autorzy: Peter Kreko, Gábor Orosz, Laura Faragó, and Benedek Paskuj
Opublikowane w: 2022
Wydawca: -

Citizens’ Reactions to Populism in Europe: How do target groups respond to the populist challenge?

Autorzy: Osman Şahin, Federico Vegetti, Umut Korkut, Giuliano Bobba, Moreno Mancosu, and Antonella Seddone, Agnieszka Stępińska, Samuel Bennett, Artur Lipiński, Dimitri Sotiropoulos, Manos Tsatsanis, Alexia Mitsikostas, Zsuzsanna Árendás, Vera Messing, Nicolas Hubé, and Martin Baloge
Opublikowane w: 2021
Wydawca: -

When populists govern: The case of economic and criminal justice policy in Bosnia and Hercegovina

Autorzy: Borko Mihajlović and Veljko Turanjanin
Opublikowane w: Archive for Legal and Social Sciences, Numer 2(1), 2020, Strona(/y) 5-24
Wydawca: University for Business Engineering and Management
DOI: 10.7251/apdn2001005m

Covid-19 and emergency laws in Denmark

Autorzy: Annemette Fallentin Nyborg, Sune Klinge, Helle Krunke, and Jens Elo Rytter
Opublikowane w: Svensk Juristtidning, Numer 10/2020, 2020, Strona(/y) 1098-1115, ISSN 0039-6591
Wydawca: Svensk Juristtidning

Populism and Pronatality Policy with Reference to BIH

Autorzy: Boris Krešić
Opublikowane w: Archive for Legal and Social Sciences, Numer 2(1), 2020, Strona(/y) 25-37
Wydawca: University for Business Engineering and Management
DOI: 10.7251/apdn2001025k

Us vs. Them: A Dataset of Populist Attitudes, News Bias and Emotions

Autorzy: Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot, David Abadi, Agneta Fischer, and Ekaterina Shutova
Opublikowane w: Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Main Volume, Numer April 19 - 23, 2021, 2021, Strona(/y) 1921–1945
Wydawca: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2021.eacl-main.165

The Pragmatics behind Politics: Modelling Metaphor, Framing and Emotion in Political Discourse

Autorzy: Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot, Verna Dankers, David Abadi, Agneta Fischer, and Ekaterina Shutova
Opublikowane w: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, Numer November 16 - 20, 2020, 2020, Strona(/y) 4479–4488
Wydawca: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.402

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