Upscaling and optimizing subsurface, in situ carbon mineralization as an economically viable industrial option

Risultati finali

Selection of pilot gas charged seawater injection site

The report will evaluate three potential injection sites. The infrastructure (boreholes, vicinity to CO2 sources, power and water) will be evaluated with the aim of quantifying the probability of pilot CO2 injection sucess. All relevant geological information on the sites will be collected to assess the feasibility of these sites. The deliverable is related to Task T4.5.

Report on remediation strategy and best practices

The report will collect all monitoring data of injection parameters (flow, pressure and temperature) as well as chemistry of injected fluids and place them in context with data collected with the high resolution seismometer network and soil flux measurements. The report will investigate responses of the reservoir due to different initiation procedures of gas injection and identify most successful methods of preventing gas leaks through the injection wells. The deliverable is related to task T3.6.

Report on induced seismicity

Report on to what extent injecion of dissolved gases can cause induced seismicity and what can be done to minimize seismic events. The deliverable is related to tasks T3.3 and T3.6.

Baseline calibration of selected gas charged seawater injection site

The report will deliver results of soil flux measurements and chemical compostion of reservoir waters sampled during tracer tests at the selected injection site enabling determination of baseline conditions prior to any CO2 injection. The deliverable is related to task T4.7

Project Management and Innovation management plan

The project management and innovation management plan contains the description of partners’ roles, project procedures, structure and interaction of work‐packages, project schedule and innovation management strategy. The plan includes a schedule per task, responsible partner related subtasks, related deliverables, and dependencies on other tasks. The plan will be updated in months 18 and 30. The deliverable is linked to tasks T1.1 and T1.2.

Literature review of the behaviour of CO2-charged seawater on the reactivity of submarine basalts

A large effort has been made over the past several decades measuring experimentally the rates and extent of water-marine basalt interaction as a function of temperature. These papers wil be review to 1) provide a current description of the state-of-the-art and 2) to provide predictions of the behavoir of planned sub-seaflor injections. Deliverables include a) a report of the literature review, b) evaluation of the degree to which past experimental observations match predictions made by available geochemical modelling codes (e.g. PHREEQC) and c) recommendation for further experimenal work to be carried out by CarbFix2.

Report on the rate, extent and consequences and reaction in the subsurface determined by reactive transport modelling

Reactive transport modeling will be used to predict the rate and consequences of injecting CO2 into sub seafloor basalts. We will deliver a report of the results of this modelling effort available to the public on a dedicated website.

Procedure for communicating with authorities in response of unusual or significant changes in injection

Report on development and implementation of communication procedure, in cooperation with relevant authorities and nearby community leaders, for informing the authorities as well as the public of unusual or significant changes in injection which might lead to seismic events. The deliverable is related to task T6.4.

Report on the results of detailed gas-charged seawater-basalt interaction

Text from Eric

Calibrated reactive transport model of submarine injection at the selected injection site

3D numerical models predicting the fate and reaction of CO2-H2S-seawater fluids injected under seabed will be developed in Task 4.6 and the results will be reported in D4.6. These simulations will be based on real hydrogeological data from the selected site offshore Reykjavic and will include the prediction of the extent of CO2 mineralisation and the reaction rates. The outcome presented in this deliverable must be the basis of further actions for the future deployment of under-seabed CO2 storage.

Report on CO2-SO2/H2S storage capacity within basaltic rocks in Europe and globally

Report on CO2-SO2/H2S storage capacity in basaltic rocks in Europe and globally. The deliverable is related to task T5.3.

CO2 and H2S soil flux measurement report

Soil flux measurements are carried out regularly to confirm that no leaks occur from the injection reservoir through the surface. The deliverable is related to tasks T3.1 and T3.3. This deliverable will be delivered in months 18 and 36.

Report on the effect of gas purity on solubility and mineral storage

The injection of CO2 gas stream with variable amount of impurities will be simulated with the reservoir model developed for deliverable D3.2 hence allowing the prediction of enhancement and/or inhibition of CO2 mineralisation at different locations in the reservoir. The deliverable is related to task T3.5

Report on the development of a seawater-based CO2-rich gas prototype capture system

The report will describe the construction of lab scale CO2 absorption tower relying on operation parameters from the capture plant on Hellisheidi but using sea-water as capture media. The task is related to task T4.3

Report on tracer breakthrough, characterization of transport processes and mineralization in reservoir

The report will contain results of tracer breakthrough in all monitoring wells to date which will quantify flow path volumes with the aid of the COMSOL code therefore enabling more accurate quantification of mineralisation of industrial scale CO2 injection. The deliverable is related to tasks T3.3, T3.4 and T3.5.

Dissemination reports

Summary of dissemination activities and publications for each reporting period. The deliverable will be handed in after months 18, 30 and 42. The deliverable is related to tasks T6.1-T6.8.

Public outreach forum 1

Running two international public outreach forums. The first one will take place around month 21 and the second around month 36. The deliverable is related to tasks T6.5 and T6.6.

Release of upgraded educational website and app

Upgrading of educational website and game aimed at informing children ages 5-14 of carbon capture and storage and transforming the educational software into readily used apps. This deliverable is related to task T6.8.

Website activated

Creation and regular updating of the CarbFix2 website. The deliverable is related to tasks T6.1 and T6.2.

Pubblicazioni

The rapid and cost-effective capture and subsurface mineral storage of carbon and sulfur at the CarbFix2 site

Autori: Ingvi Gunnarsson, Edda S. Aradóttir, Eric H. Oelkers, Deirdre E. Clark, Magnús Þór Arnarson, Bergur Sigfússon, Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Juerg M. Matter, Martin Stute, Bjarni M. Júlíusson, Sigurður R. Gíslason
Pubblicato in: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Numero 79, 2018, Pagina/e 117-126, ISSN 1750-5836
Editore: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.08.014

Protecting Our Climate by Turning CO2 Into Stone

Autori: Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Katrín Steinþórsdóttir, Selja Ósk Snorradóttir, Kári Helgason
Pubblicato in: Frontiers for Young Minds, Numero 9, 2021, ISSN 2296-6846
Editore: Frontiers Media SA
DOI: 10.3389/frym.2021.579895

An experimental study of basalt–seawater–CO2 interaction at 130 °C

Autori: Martin Voigt, Chiara Marieni, Andre Baldermann, Iwona M. Galeczka, Domenik Wolff-Boenisch, Eric H. Oelkers, Sigurdur R. Gislason
Pubblicato in: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Numero 308, 2021, Pagina/e 21-41, ISSN 0016-7037
Editore: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2021.05.056

Reaction path modelling of in-situ mineralisation of CO 2 at the CarbFix site at Hellisheidi, SW-Iceland

Autori: Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sigurdur R. Gislason, Iwona M. Galeczka, Eric H. Oelkers
Pubblicato in: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Numero 220, 2018, Pagina/e 348-366, ISSN 0016-7037
Editore: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.053

Towards ‘green’ geothermal energy: Co-mineralization of carbon and sulfur in geothermal reservoirs

Autori: Chiara Marieni, Jan Přikryl, Edda Sif Aradóttir, Ingvi Gunnarsson, Andri Stefánsson
Pubblicato in: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Numero 77, 2018, Pagina/e 96-105, ISSN 1750-5836
Editore: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.07.011

Carbon sequestration potential of altered mafic reservoirs

Autori: Chiara Marieni, Eric Oelkers
Pubblicato in: Energy Procedia, Numero 146, 2018, Pagina/e 68-73, ISSN 1876-6102
Editore: International Carbon Conference 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.010

Carbon mineral storage in seawater: Ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) columns in Greenland

Autori: Gabrielle J. Stockmann, Eemu Ranta, Erik Trampe, Erik Sturkell, Paul Seaman
Pubblicato in: Energy Procedia, Numero 146, 2018, Pagina/e 59-67, ISSN 1876-6102
Editore: International Carbon Conference 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.009

A brief history of CarbFix: Challenges and victories of the project’s pilot phase

Autori: Sigurdur R. Gíslason, Hólmfrídur Sigurdardóttir, Edda Sif Aradóttir, Eric H. Oelkers
Pubblicato in: Energy Procedia, Numero 146, 2018, Pagina/e 103-114, ISSN 1876-6102
Editore: International Carbon Conference 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.014

Evaluation and refinement of thermodynamic databases for mineral carbonation

Autori: Martin Voigt, Chiara Marieni, Deirdre E. Clark, Sigurður R. Gíslason, Eric H. Oelkers
Pubblicato in: Energy Procedia, Numero 146, 2018, Pagina/e 81-91, ISSN 1876-6102
Editore: International Carbon Conference 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.012

CarbFix – public engagement and transparency

Autori: Edda Sif Pind Aradóttir, Eiríkur Hjálmarsson
Pubblicato in: Energy Procedia, Numero 146, 2018, Pagina/e 115-120, ISSN 1876-6102
Editore: International Carbon Conference 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.015

The chemistry and potential reactivity of the CO2-H2S charged injected waters at the basaltic CarbFix2 site, Iceland

Autori: Deirdre E. Clark, Ingvi Gunnarsson, Edda S. Aradóttir, Magnús Þ. Arnarson, Þorsteinn A. Þorgeirsson, Sigrún S. Sigurðardóttir, Bergur Sigfússon, Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Eric H. Oelkers, Sigurður R. Gíslason
Pubblicato in: Energy Procedia, Numero 146, 2018, Pagina/e 121-128, ISSN 1876-6102
Editore: International Carbon Conference 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.016

Reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide at Hellisheidi power plant in 2014-2017 and the role of CarbFix in achieving the 2040 Iceland climate goals

Autori: Bergur Sigfússon, Magnús Þór Arnarson, Sandra Ósk Snæbjörnsdóttir, Marta Rós Karlsdóttir, Edda Sif Aradóttir, Ingvi Gunnarsson
Pubblicato in: Energy Procedia, Numero 146, 2018, Pagina/e 135-145, ISSN 1876-6102
Editore: International Carbon Conference 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.018

Creating a carbon dioxide removal solution by combining rapid mineralization of CO2 with direct air capture

Autori: Valentin Gutknecht, Sandra Ósk Snæbjörnsdóttir, Bergur Sigfússon, Edda Sif Aradóttir, Louise Charles
Pubblicato in: Energy Procedia, Numero 146, 2018, Pagina/e 129-134, ISSN 1876-6102
Editore: International Carbon Conference 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.017

The geology and hydrology of the CarbFix2 site, SW-Iceland

Autori: Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sigrún Tómasdóttir, Bergur Sigfússon, Edda Sif Aradóttir, Gunnar Gunnarsson, Auli Niemi, Farzad Basirat, Benoît Dessirier, Sigurdur R. Gislason, Eric H. Oelkers, Hjalti Franzson
Pubblicato in: Energy Procedia, Numero 146, 2018, Pagina/e 146-157, ISSN 1876-6102
Editore: International Carbon Conference 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.019

Using stable Mg isotope signatures to assess the fate of magnesium during the in situ mineralisation of CO2 and H2S at the CarbFix site in SW-Iceland

Autori: Eric H. Oelkers, Rhiannon Butcher, Philip A.E. Pogge von Strandmann, Jan A. Schuessler, Friedhelm von Blanckenburg, Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Kiflom Mesfin, Edda Sif Aradóttir, Ingvi Gunnarsson, Bergur Sigfússon, Einar Gunnlaugsson, Juerg M. Matter, Martin Stute, Sigurdur R. Gislason
Pubblicato in: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Numero 245, 2019, Pagina/e 542-555, ISSN 0016-7037
Editore: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2018.11.011

Rapid CO2 mineralisation into calcite at the CarbFix storage site quantified using calcium isotopes

Autori: Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann, Kevin W. Burton, Sandra O. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Bergur Sigfússon, Edda S. Aradóttir, Ingvi Gunnarsson, Helgi A. Alfredsson, Kiflom G. Mesfin, Eric H. Oelkers, Sigurður R. Gislason
Pubblicato in: Nature Communications, Numero 10/1, 2019, ISSN 2041-1723
Editore: Nature Publishing Group
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10003-8

Experimental observations of CO2-water-basaltic glass interaction in a large column reactor experiment at 50 °C

Autori: Deirdre E. Clark, Iwona M. Galeczka, Knud Dideriksen, Martin J. Voigt, Domenik Wolff-Boenisch, Sigurdur R. Gislason
Pubblicato in: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Numero 89, 2019, Pagina/e 9-19, ISSN 1750-5836
Editore: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.07.007

The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Autori: Christoph Beuttler, Louise Charles, Jan Wurzbacher
Pubblicato in: Frontiers in Climate, Numero 1, 2019, ISSN 2624-9553
Editore: Frontiers in Climate
DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2019.00010

Carbon dioxide storage through mineral carbonation

Autori: Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Bergur Sigfússon, Chiara Marieni, David Goldberg, Sigurður R. Gislason, Eric H. Oelkers
Pubblicato in: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Numero 1/2, 2020, Pagina/e 90-102, ISSN 2662-138X
Editore: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1038/s43017-019-0011-8

Experimental study of epidote dissolution rates from pH 2 to 11 and temperatures from 25 to 200 °C

Autori: Chiara Marieni, Martin J. Voigt, Eric H. Oelkers
Pubblicato in: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Numero 294, 2021, Pagina/e 70-88, ISSN 0016-7037
Editore: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.11.015

The chemistry and saturation states of subsurface fluids during the in situ mineralisation of CO2 and H2S at the CarbFix site in SW-Iceland

Autori: Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Eric H. Oelkers, Kiflom Mesfin, Edda Sif Aradóttir, Knud Dideriksen, Ingvi Gunnarsson, Einar Gunnlaugsson, Juerg M. Matter, Martin Stute, Sigurdur R. Gislason
Pubblicato in: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Numero 58, 2017, Pagina/e 87-102, ISSN 1750-5836
Editore: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.01.007

Modelling the Complex Structural Features Controlling Fluid Flow at the CarbFix2 Reinjection Site, Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant, SW-Iceland

Autori: Thomas M.P Ratouis, Sandra O. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Gunnar Gunnarsson, Ingvi Gunnarsson, Bjarni R. Kristjánsson, and Edda S.P. Aradóttir
Pubblicato in: PROCEEDINGS, 44th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, 2019
Editore: Stanford Geothermal Workshop

The role of atmospheric CDR in Swiss climate policy - fundamentals and recommended actions

Autori: Federal Office for the Environment
Pubblicato in: 2019
Editore: Swiss Federal Office for the Environment

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