Final Report Summary - HYFIVE (Hydrogen For Innovative Vehicles)
Executive Summary:
The Hydrogen for Innovative Vehicles (HyFIVE) project has brought together the most innovative European hydrogen initiatives in the transport sector since its inception in 2014.
HyFIVE is an ambitious flagship project that has committed four years to demonstrating the commercial viability of hydrogen vehicles and stations in Bolzano, Copenhagen, Innsbruck, London, Munich and Stuttgart. HyFIVE has seen the delivery of six new refuelling stations, integrating an existing nine, with an initial plan to deliver 110 vehicles – this was revised to 185 in 2016.
BMW, Daimler, Honda, Hyundai and Toyota - HyFIVE’s vehicle manufacturers - are leading the global movement in shifting the market from diesel and gasoline to greener, more sustainable fuels.
Over 100 vehicles have been operating within the project’s Southern cluster (a region comprising Bolzano, Innsbruck, Munich and Stuttgart) for the duration of the project, utilising the existing hydrogen infrastructure network. It is through HyFIVE that the additional hydrogen refuelling station in Innsbruck was installed, strengthening the connection between Germany and Austria. Additionally, two new stations in Aarhus and Korsør were installed in Denmark raising the country’s HRS number to 10 and therefore giving Denmark the status of having the world’s first national hydrogen station network. This development inspired the Danish government in 2017 to announce a 10 million DKK fund for FCEV and HRS growth. Lastly, London has seen three new refuelling stations and the UK government plans to phase out diesel and gasoline cars by 2040, and furthermore recognises that hydrogen is a practical solution for decarbonising our roads and reducing air pollution.
We have effected notable changes to policy across Europe, transforming the policy environments to commercialise the sector and prepare the market for high volumes of hydrogen vehicles and interoperable stations.
Notable regulatory developments led by HyFIVE include:
• the co-integration of conventional stations with hydrogen pumps, including a new relationship between ITM Power and Shell to expand and commercialise London’s HRS network;
• tax exemption for FCEVs has been extended in Denmark to 2019 ;
• in 2017, the maximum supply pressure limit for hydrogen was raised from 350 bar to 700 bar in Italy – the value needed for modern cars.
Remaining challenges for FCEV commercialisation in Europe is primarily focussed on further development of HRS networks, and their financial viability, performance and utilisation.
Project Context and Objectives:
Project Background
• HyFIVE was an FCHJU-funded European project operating between 2014 – 2018, which aimed to deploy up to 185 FCEVs from the five global automotive companies leading the commercialisation of FCEVs (BMW, Daimler, Honda, Hyundai and Toyota);
• The new vehicles deployed have different maturity levels, from prototype level up to commercial production, with performance characteristics and cost reduction targets which will lead to a plausible offer for early adopting customers;
• To serve these vehicles, the project has created clusters of refuelling station networks in three parts of Europe, where there is sufficient density of hydrogen stations to provide refuelling choice and convenience to early users of FCEVs;
• The project has deployed six new stations: three in the London cluster (ITM Power), two in the Copenhagen cluster (Danish Hydrogen Fuel (DHF)) and one in the Southern cluster (OMV). These are linked with 12 existing stations originally supplied by Air Liquide, Air Products, BOC, Copenhagen Hydrogen Network (CHN), the Institute of Innovative Technologies (IIT), Linde, OMV and TOTAL. This has led to new networks in the most promising early adopter regions for FCEVs across Europe – London cluster, the Copenhagen cluster and a southern region comprising Bolzano, Innsbruck, Munich and Stuttgart;
• The project’s scale and pan-European breadth has enabled it to tackle all the final technical and social issues preventing the commercial rollout of hydrogen vehicles and refuelling infrastructure across Europe.
Consortium Members and Contribution to Project
Air Products
• Make two of the three existing Air Products-operated HRSs in the London cluster available to users of vehicles under HyFIVE, and investigate the opportunity to source renewable hydrogen
BMW
• Develop, deploy and test three E/F segment FCEVs with a high-performance drive-train. This will allow for BMW typical driving dynamics similar to a conventional gasoline vehicle.
DAIMLER
• Deploy and test four of the latest generation B-Class F-CELL FCEVs and two of the next generation GLC FCEVs
• Leader of the Vehicle Deployment and Operation work package
Danish Hydrogen Fuel
• Own and operate the hydrogen refuelling station in Aarhus and Korsør
• Leader of the Infrastructure Development, Deployment and Operation work package
Brintbranchen (Hydrogen Denmark)
• Regional coordinator of activities in the Copenhagen cluster
• Support the OEMs in identifying potential early adopters of FCEVs
• Ensure effective national dissemination of the key findings and recommendations from the project
Element Energy
• Provide support to the HyFIVE coordinator (GLA) in overall management of the project
• Coordinate and facilitate deployment activities in the London cluster
• Leader of the Consumer Attitudes and Commercialisation Pathways work package
Greater London Authority
• Overall project coordination – manages progress of the project, acts as point of contact with the FCHJU, responsible for finance management, reporting and leads on EU-wide dissemination
Honda
• Deploy six Clarity Fuel Cell vehicles and develop service concepts in the London and Copenhagen clusters
Hyundai
• As the first mass production car manufacture, Hyundai intends to supply 150 ix35 Fuel Cell vehicles within the London, Copenhagen and Southern clusters.
IIT
• Coordinator of the southern cluster
• Will make the existing HRS in Bolzano available to users of vehicles under HyFIVE and investigate the opportunity to have 700 bar refuelling in Italy
ITM Power
• Deploy, own and operate three hydrogen refuelling stations in London
Linde
• Make the existing Linde-operated HRS in Munich and Swindon (via the local subsidiary BOC) available to users of vehicles under HyFIVE
OMV
• Make the existing OMV-operated HRS located at Stuttgart Airport available to users of vehicles under HyFIVE
• Deploy and operate a new HRS in the Southern cluster (Innsbruck) to connect Austria to the European network of hydrogen refuelling stations
Thinkstep
• Leader of the Performance and Safety Data Collection, Analysis, and Reporting work package
• Ensure a comprehensive collection of data throughout the project to test the market readiness of the technology, including analyses of the technical, environmental and economic status of the vehicles
Toyota
• To deploy and operate up to 20 FCEV vehicles within the London, Copenhagen and Southern clusters.
Project Results:
The main S&T results are detailed in the attached public report.
A number of public data and customer experience reports have also been generated from this project. These will be made public in due course as they are approved by the programme office.
Potential Impact:
• Demonstrating that the vehicles meet and exceed the technical performance and environmental expectations for FCEVs
• Establishing best practice in systems to support FCEVs in daily operations with real customers. These would include the creation of commercial-ready support services for the vehicles to provide maintenance, after-sales support, a strategy for road-calls, a servicing regime, spare parts etc.
• Establishing task forces and using the stations in the project to understand the progress on solutions to the outstanding technical issues for refuelling stations, which include rapid “rush-hour” fuelling, accurate metering, quality assurance for hydrogen purity and design of stations for different vehicle tank types
• Investigating the challenges of using electrolysers at fuelling stations to generate renewable hydrogen, with dynamic operation to both support the local electrical grid and allow a direct coupling to the output of remote renewable energy generators
• Understanding the impact of developing a network of filling stations operated by different suppliers, with different hydrogen supply modes, and addressing usability and customer needs
• Understanding the buying characteristics of the potential earliest adopters of FCEVs, who will need to procure vehicles despite higher costs and limited infrastructure
• Using the experience gained across the different Member States and diversity of vehicles and HRS in the project to provide recommendations on best practices for hydrogen regulations, codes and standards (RCS) in Europe
• Linking with nationally funded projects in the UK, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Austria, and with existing FCH JU funded projects, to maximise the impact of the project
• Providing evidence on the likely trajectory of the commercialisation of FCEVs in Europe, which will be valuable to policy makers and investors across Europe
List of Websites:
www.hyfive.eu
The Hydrogen for Innovative Vehicles (HyFIVE) project has brought together the most innovative European hydrogen initiatives in the transport sector since its inception in 2014.
HyFIVE is an ambitious flagship project that has committed four years to demonstrating the commercial viability of hydrogen vehicles and stations in Bolzano, Copenhagen, Innsbruck, London, Munich and Stuttgart. HyFIVE has seen the delivery of six new refuelling stations, integrating an existing nine, with an initial plan to deliver 110 vehicles – this was revised to 185 in 2016.
BMW, Daimler, Honda, Hyundai and Toyota - HyFIVE’s vehicle manufacturers - are leading the global movement in shifting the market from diesel and gasoline to greener, more sustainable fuels.
Over 100 vehicles have been operating within the project’s Southern cluster (a region comprising Bolzano, Innsbruck, Munich and Stuttgart) for the duration of the project, utilising the existing hydrogen infrastructure network. It is through HyFIVE that the additional hydrogen refuelling station in Innsbruck was installed, strengthening the connection between Germany and Austria. Additionally, two new stations in Aarhus and Korsør were installed in Denmark raising the country’s HRS number to 10 and therefore giving Denmark the status of having the world’s first national hydrogen station network. This development inspired the Danish government in 2017 to announce a 10 million DKK fund for FCEV and HRS growth. Lastly, London has seen three new refuelling stations and the UK government plans to phase out diesel and gasoline cars by 2040, and furthermore recognises that hydrogen is a practical solution for decarbonising our roads and reducing air pollution.
We have effected notable changes to policy across Europe, transforming the policy environments to commercialise the sector and prepare the market for high volumes of hydrogen vehicles and interoperable stations.
Notable regulatory developments led by HyFIVE include:
• the co-integration of conventional stations with hydrogen pumps, including a new relationship between ITM Power and Shell to expand and commercialise London’s HRS network;
• tax exemption for FCEVs has been extended in Denmark to 2019 ;
• in 2017, the maximum supply pressure limit for hydrogen was raised from 350 bar to 700 bar in Italy – the value needed for modern cars.
Remaining challenges for FCEV commercialisation in Europe is primarily focussed on further development of HRS networks, and their financial viability, performance and utilisation.
Project Context and Objectives:
Project Background
• HyFIVE was an FCHJU-funded European project operating between 2014 – 2018, which aimed to deploy up to 185 FCEVs from the five global automotive companies leading the commercialisation of FCEVs (BMW, Daimler, Honda, Hyundai and Toyota);
• The new vehicles deployed have different maturity levels, from prototype level up to commercial production, with performance characteristics and cost reduction targets which will lead to a plausible offer for early adopting customers;
• To serve these vehicles, the project has created clusters of refuelling station networks in three parts of Europe, where there is sufficient density of hydrogen stations to provide refuelling choice and convenience to early users of FCEVs;
• The project has deployed six new stations: three in the London cluster (ITM Power), two in the Copenhagen cluster (Danish Hydrogen Fuel (DHF)) and one in the Southern cluster (OMV). These are linked with 12 existing stations originally supplied by Air Liquide, Air Products, BOC, Copenhagen Hydrogen Network (CHN), the Institute of Innovative Technologies (IIT), Linde, OMV and TOTAL. This has led to new networks in the most promising early adopter regions for FCEVs across Europe – London cluster, the Copenhagen cluster and a southern region comprising Bolzano, Innsbruck, Munich and Stuttgart;
• The project’s scale and pan-European breadth has enabled it to tackle all the final technical and social issues preventing the commercial rollout of hydrogen vehicles and refuelling infrastructure across Europe.
Consortium Members and Contribution to Project
Air Products
• Make two of the three existing Air Products-operated HRSs in the London cluster available to users of vehicles under HyFIVE, and investigate the opportunity to source renewable hydrogen
BMW
• Develop, deploy and test three E/F segment FCEVs with a high-performance drive-train. This will allow for BMW typical driving dynamics similar to a conventional gasoline vehicle.
DAIMLER
• Deploy and test four of the latest generation B-Class F-CELL FCEVs and two of the next generation GLC FCEVs
• Leader of the Vehicle Deployment and Operation work package
Danish Hydrogen Fuel
• Own and operate the hydrogen refuelling station in Aarhus and Korsør
• Leader of the Infrastructure Development, Deployment and Operation work package
Brintbranchen (Hydrogen Denmark)
• Regional coordinator of activities in the Copenhagen cluster
• Support the OEMs in identifying potential early adopters of FCEVs
• Ensure effective national dissemination of the key findings and recommendations from the project
Element Energy
• Provide support to the HyFIVE coordinator (GLA) in overall management of the project
• Coordinate and facilitate deployment activities in the London cluster
• Leader of the Consumer Attitudes and Commercialisation Pathways work package
Greater London Authority
• Overall project coordination – manages progress of the project, acts as point of contact with the FCHJU, responsible for finance management, reporting and leads on EU-wide dissemination
Honda
• Deploy six Clarity Fuel Cell vehicles and develop service concepts in the London and Copenhagen clusters
Hyundai
• As the first mass production car manufacture, Hyundai intends to supply 150 ix35 Fuel Cell vehicles within the London, Copenhagen and Southern clusters.
IIT
• Coordinator of the southern cluster
• Will make the existing HRS in Bolzano available to users of vehicles under HyFIVE and investigate the opportunity to have 700 bar refuelling in Italy
ITM Power
• Deploy, own and operate three hydrogen refuelling stations in London
Linde
• Make the existing Linde-operated HRS in Munich and Swindon (via the local subsidiary BOC) available to users of vehicles under HyFIVE
OMV
• Make the existing OMV-operated HRS located at Stuttgart Airport available to users of vehicles under HyFIVE
• Deploy and operate a new HRS in the Southern cluster (Innsbruck) to connect Austria to the European network of hydrogen refuelling stations
Thinkstep
• Leader of the Performance and Safety Data Collection, Analysis, and Reporting work package
• Ensure a comprehensive collection of data throughout the project to test the market readiness of the technology, including analyses of the technical, environmental and economic status of the vehicles
Toyota
• To deploy and operate up to 20 FCEV vehicles within the London, Copenhagen and Southern clusters.
Project Results:
The main S&T results are detailed in the attached public report.
A number of public data and customer experience reports have also been generated from this project. These will be made public in due course as they are approved by the programme office.
Potential Impact:
• Demonstrating that the vehicles meet and exceed the technical performance and environmental expectations for FCEVs
• Establishing best practice in systems to support FCEVs in daily operations with real customers. These would include the creation of commercial-ready support services for the vehicles to provide maintenance, after-sales support, a strategy for road-calls, a servicing regime, spare parts etc.
• Establishing task forces and using the stations in the project to understand the progress on solutions to the outstanding technical issues for refuelling stations, which include rapid “rush-hour” fuelling, accurate metering, quality assurance for hydrogen purity and design of stations for different vehicle tank types
• Investigating the challenges of using electrolysers at fuelling stations to generate renewable hydrogen, with dynamic operation to both support the local electrical grid and allow a direct coupling to the output of remote renewable energy generators
• Understanding the impact of developing a network of filling stations operated by different suppliers, with different hydrogen supply modes, and addressing usability and customer needs
• Understanding the buying characteristics of the potential earliest adopters of FCEVs, who will need to procure vehicles despite higher costs and limited infrastructure
• Using the experience gained across the different Member States and diversity of vehicles and HRS in the project to provide recommendations on best practices for hydrogen regulations, codes and standards (RCS) in Europe
• Linking with nationally funded projects in the UK, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Austria, and with existing FCH JU funded projects, to maximise the impact of the project
• Providing evidence on the likely trajectory of the commercialisation of FCEVs in Europe, which will be valuable to policy makers and investors across Europe
List of Websites:
www.hyfive.eu
