Exploitable results
The "Fuel Cell Bus for Berlin, Copenhagen, Lisbon II" project has been the follow-up project to the "Fuel Cell Bus for Berlin, Copenhagen, Lisbon" project. Due to severe problems with the development of the fuel cell technology during phase I of the project, it was not possible to initiate the demonstration phase of the fuel cell bus within this phase.
The main objectives of the Fuel Cell Bus project were:
- development, construction and implementation of the electrical storage system to support the fuel cell system;
- development, construction and implementation of a stationary hydrogen filling station;
- demonstration of the bus in an inner-city environment and of the filling station infrastructure.
For this purpose the following methodology was followed:
- comparison and evaluation of different energy storage systems such as super capacitors, fly wheel and battery systems;
- installation and demonstration of the most suitable energy storage system in the fuel cell bus;
- investigation of brake energy recovery, use of different rear axle differential, investigation of power demand for different routes etc.;
- creation of a public stationary hydrogen filling infrastructure including an emergency hydrogen production facility;
- development of a simulator to simulate operational conditions of the bus;
- development of a measurement and monitoring programme to show the environmental benefits and costs.
The hydrogen filling station was inaugurated on 23 October 2003. The internal combustion engine hydrogen bus from MAN for the gaseous hydrogen refilling demonstration and a fuel cell powered Opel Saphira for the liquid refilling demonstration were presented. Total and BVG carried out a detailed safety study. A programme improve the safety has been developed.
However, it is necessary to attract further applications of mobile fuel cells and to develop the infrastructure in order to guarantee an efficient use of the stationary filling station.
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