Deliverables
The results are summarised well in the following papers:
Stamboulis A., Matsuya, S. Hill R.G., Law R.V.,Udoh K., Nakagawa M., Matsuya Y.
�MAS-NMR spectroscopy studies in the setting reaction of glass ionomer cements� Online Journal of Dentistry
Towler M.R., Crowley C. M and Hill R.G., Investigation into the ultrasonic setting of glass ionomer cements Part I Postulated modalities J. Mater. Sci. Letts. 22 (7): 539-541, (2003).
M. R. Towler, A. J. Bushby, R. W. Billington and R. G. Hill "A preliminary comparison of the mechanical properties of chemically cured and ultrasonically cured glass ionomer cements, using nano-indentation techniques" " ARTICLE
Biomaterials, 22,(2001)1401-1406.
An understanding of the clinical use and application of ultrasonic curing of glass (ionomer) polyalkenoate cements. Including the efficacy of new tip geometries and application procedures.
See for example RNB Van Duinen et al. "Early and long term wear of fast set conventional glass iobnomer cements" Dental Materials 21 (2005) 716-20 CJ Kleverlaan et al Mechanical Properties of Glass-ionomer cement affected by curing method" Dental Materials 20(2004)45-50.
A new tip to fit a standard ultrasonic descaler has been designed and is now produced by Satelec in France. The tip directs the ultrasound to give a very efficient ultrasonic cure of the cement and can also be used to pack the cement into the tooth cavity.
Understanding of the influence of capsule geometry on ability to extrude cements. See Crowley C.M.,Doyle J., Towler M.R., Hill R. G. and Hampshire S. The influence of capsule geometry and cement formulation on the apparent viscosity of dental cements Online Journal of Dentistry.
Development of new glasses suitable for ultrasonically cured cements including strontium containing radio-opaque cements.
An understanding of the structure of fluorine containing glasses and its relationship to crystallisation.
An understanding of the chemistry of the acid washing process and an understanding of particle size distribution and improved methods of analysis.
More detail in published papers:
Islam P., Hill R. and Stamboulis A. Activation Energy For Crystal Growth in Stoichiometric CaAl2Si2O8 and Ca2Al2Si2O9 Glasses J.Mat Sci Letts 22 1287-89 (2003)
Stamboulis A., Hill R.G., and Law R.V. Characterisation of the Structure of Calcium Alumino-Silicate and Calcium Fluoro-Alumino-Silicate Glasses by Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR) J. Non Cryst. Solids 333, (2004) 101-107.
Stamboulis,A. Hill R.G., Law R.V. and Matsuya S.. A MAS NMR Study of the Crystallisation Process of Apatite-Mullite Glass-Ceramics Key Engineering Materials Bioceramics 16 254-6 (2004) 99-102.
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