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intelligent Water Treatment Technologies for water preservation combined with simultaneous energy production and material recovery in energy intensive industries

Livrables

P&ID and functional description of the integrated RED and MD pilot unit

Definition of the Process Flow Diagram PFD and subsequent Piping and Instrument Drawing PID plus functional description of the pilot unit Design documents for the construction of the pilot and programming of the control software

Sensors datasheets and features.

For each sensor a datasheet will be drawn up containing communication protocol power supply full scale resolution precision linearity POLITO FUEL Techedge Especially for the PLC based controller a study will be contacted towards migrating the design to the cloud

Periodic Risk Monitoring Report

This report will include the identification of new potential risks and the definition of mitigation measures as well as the monitoring of the implementation of such measures

Report on the water use for all the intelWATT's case studies applications

In this task a complete physicochemical characterisation of every process and wastewater effluent will be performed Indicative analytical method that will be used include ICP AAS UVVis HPLC Ionic chromatography etcAdditionally the operating conditions will be analysed in detail in order to explore water preservation potentials in every intelWATTs application

Plan for the Exploitation and Dissemination of Results (PEDR).

The main outcome of this deliverable will be the Plan for the Exploitation and Dissemination of Results PEDR

Report on scalability of AWC-NF membranes for nanofiltration.

Report on scalability of AWCNF membranes for nanofiltration

Report on the selection of membranes for Case Studies 1 and 2

Report on the selection of membranes for Case Studies 1 and 2 WP4 5

First report on synthesis and characterization of graphene-based membrane (POLITO, M6)

Graphene oxide will be considered for the fabrication of ionically selective membrane Commercial GO powder will be used to fabricate labscale GO membrane by vacuum filtration of GObased water dispersion At the same time alternative membrane fabrication process will be investigated screen printing calendaring doctorblade spin coating as preliminary step for subsequent scaling up The GO membranes will be functionalized in order to obtain a selfpolarization of the membrane residual positive and negative charge for anion and cationexchange membranes respectively The GO membranes will be characterized both by SEM Raman XPS and TEM

Report on sensors requirements in order to achieve quantitative water analysis.

The technical specifications of commercial water monitoring sensors will be studied such as colorimetric sensors portable spectrophotometric sensors electrical conductivity meter turbidity meter assessing their applicability and efficiency Politecnico di Torino will also investigate the development of MEMS type sensors which are particularly reliable and low energyconsuming combining high consistency and efficiency

Training plan.

The main outcome of this deliverable is a plan describing all the training activities that will contribute to professional development through advanced training of researchers and other key staff research managers industrial executives and potential users of knowledge generated by the project

Quality Assurance Plan.

Quality Assurance Plan that will include rules for preparing the deliverables and the ways of verification

Report on the physicochemical properties for all feed and waste water streams and key quality monitoring parameters

Determination of the physicochemical properties for all feed and waste water streams including chemical compositions temperatures and flow ratesDefinition of the most representative key quality parameters for on line monitoring

Lab scale assessment of highly selective artificial water channels membranes AWC-MD for membrane distillation

Lab scale assessment of highly selective artificial water channels membranes AWCMD for membrane distillation

Report on fabrication of highly selective artificial water channels membranes AWC-NF for nanofiltration

Report on fabrication of highly selective artificial water channels membranes AWCNF for nanofiltration

Report on optimizations and control of porosity and surface chemistry in graphene-based membrane

The porous materials will be infiltrated with low cost IEM eg SPEEK SPES dissolved in a suitable solvent in order to get a compenetrated multilayer reducing the impedance associated to the thick membrane commonly used in membraneassisted processes maximizing the interface and allowing to higher energy conversion efficiency Additional infiltration can be obtained by ALD process in order to have atomiclayer thick metaloxides inside the GO channel Moreover interlayer distance will be controlled and partially tuned by acting on the drying state and exploiting functional link acting as spacers Other 2D materials such as MXenes will be considered for the fabrication of composite membranes

Report on results from lab systems on fouling/scaling studies

The fouling tendency of all the membranes that will be used in intelWATTs processes will be evaluated by first analyzing the relevant feedwater quality properties These parameters include a Biological organic indices Microbial ATP Bacterial growth potential BGP LCOCD Total Organic Carbon TOC Total Nitrogen TN and Orthophosphate b Particulate fouling indices SDI045 MFI045 MFI10 KDa and c Transparent exopolymer particles TEP10KDa Identification of fouling types will be performed based on the membrane autopsy of the fouled membrane Based on the results the best pretreatment options will be suggested

Report on scalability of ion exchange and MD/MCr membranes

Polyvinylidenefluoride PVDF and the more hydrophobic copolymer Polyvinylidenefluoride Hexafluoropropylene PVDFHFP will be used for the fabrication of MDMCr membranes Drywet spinning and the wetspinning phase inversion methods will be applied for HF type membrane while dry casting will be employed for the flat sheet configuration The produced membranes will be characterized in terms of membrane distillation performance pore structure and fouling resistance In collaboration with THK and with support from CUT the appropriate modules for the application will be implemented

Data Lake Design Document.

Data Lake Design Document

Report on optimization and characterization of tubular pretreatment UF membrane

The UF tubular membrane modules already used as standard at CUT are optimized based on the requirements of WP2 and findings of WP3 The corresponding improvements will include both the tubular nonwoven which serves as the membrane support and the actual membranes

Deep Learning system implementation.

The Deep Learning algorithm will be developed using a DL framework tensorflowkeras or pytorch and will be specifically designed for general purpose process control

Deep Learning system design document.

Deep Learning system design document

Smart Monitoring System Design document.

Smart Monitoring System Design document

Set up of the project management collaborative tool
IMPACT platform integrated.

This platform will be able to implement the following tasks: a) manage sensors subscription southbound and b) Collect and interchange data using LWM2M, LWPA (NB-IoT), MQTT, TR-069 or other industrial protocols like MODBUS, apply security, data privacy and segregation policies for IoT applications and enterprises.

Functional cloud-based platform user interface dashboard

Analysis on dashboard data and functionalities, optimization of integrated systems and redesign of sensors and final optimization of design based on performance, connectivity, edge computing functionality and power supply. Optimization and finalization of machine learning process based on testing of the pilot system.

NI Platform integrated.

The integration between NI-Connect platform the PLCs and Impact platform will be analyzed. NI will undertake to design any modification needed in order to maintain compatibility with the other systems. The NI-Connect will be adapted and deployed in the landscape in order to be integrated with the other components of the smart control system

Sensor data ingestion system Implementation.

Sensor data ingestion system Implementation

Membrane Simulator implemented

The simulator component will be developed in order to provide input and output data to train the deep learning control system before the real scenario will be deployed. Simulator will model the membrane behavior (input and output data) through three different way; (1) mathematical models of current membranes, (2) mathematical models of membranes and (3) historical data of similar scenarios. This component will be able to score the fitting of each model and balance the contribution for the overall result of the simulation.

Dashboard Design Document.

Dashboard Design Document

Integrated sensors platform design.

The implementation of a modular general purposed system is envisaged for monitoring key process indicators This system will be able to integrate different types of sensors MEMS sensors traditional sensors laser sensors fiber optic sensors etc which will be customized in relation to the different application to which they are intended The great advantage of the proposed system will be to allow high efficiency dynamic monitoring capable of increasing the quantity and quality of data available in IoT perspective in order to evaluate the presence of analytes in the aqueous sample before and after treatment and to evaluate the process parameters

Design of Sensor data ingestion mechanism.

Design of Sensor data ingestion mechanism

Data Lake System Implementation.

The data lake will able to store the incoming data from the sensors and actuators in the three demonstration plants. The “data lake” will store the raw information as it is sent from the devices and provide a data processing pipeline that will validate, clean, homogenize, aggregate and transfer the data to a data storage that will serve as the data source for the digital twin and the representation dashboards, as well as, the Deep Learning algorithms. The data store will also provide a semantic data layer that will enrich the information with annotations to be used in the dashboard representations and the digital twins. This semantic data will be provided by the data processing pipeline and act as an abstraction layer between the raw data coming from the sensors and the representation layers, allowing to have a common representation model for the several processes involved.The data lake will be a common infrastructure to the three case studies and will be hosted in a public or private cloud environment accessible to all interested parties under high security provided by the IMPACT platform. Data processing will be carried by elastic infrastructure components based on big data techniques such as Spark and Hadoop and running on containerized workload management environments such as Kubernetes.

Engineering & automation detailed design for treatment prototype.

Engineering & automation detailed design for HRRO/IX treatment prototype

Delivery of PVDF based membranes for MD/MCr

Delivery of PVDF based membranes for MD/MCr (100 m2 with minimum water flux @ ΔT 60oC 20LMH and >99.5% salt rejection)

Lab scale RED/MD unit

Lab scale development integration and optimization of the RED MD treatment process

Delivery of optimized tubular UF membrane modules

The optimized Tubular UF modules will be delivered to CNR-ITM, NCSR and THK and for use in the case studies (WP’s 5, 6 and 7).

Smart Monitoring System Integrate.

Smart Monitoring System Integrated

Lab scale CTBD treatment unit

Integration and evaluation of the conventional (pressure, temperature, conductivity, turbidity flowmeter etc), as well as, the customized (Fe2+, SO42+ and Cl-) sensors will be performed ensuring alignment with the KPI’s set in WP1. Using membranes (4-inch diameter) and modules provided by NI and CUT, along a dedicated pre-treatment testing system (CUT), process conditions and configurations of the CTBD lab unit will be optimized. Zero liquid discharge will be introduced though membrane distillation, crystallisation subprocess developed by NCSRD, THK & CUT.

Lab scale HRRO unit for integration with IX

Lab scale HRRO unit approx 05 m3hr output for integration with IX

Lab scale HRRO/IX unit

Lab scale development, integration and optimization of the hybrid HRRO/IX treatment process for metal plating effluents

Dashboard System Implementation.

The dashboard functionality will provide information about the signals, both of their status and their history and future trends, as well as allowing to analyse the state of the predictive model and its performance over time. On one hand, Techedge will create several dashboards that allow to visualize in a centralized way the current state of the input and output signals, from which it will be possible to validate the current state of each scenario under study and the possible incidents related to the different signs. Dashboard will be able to visualize the historical information of the signals and, through different analytical models, will be able to visualize the tendency of those signals in the future to be able to act preventively. The other scenario will allow analysing the effectiveness of predictive models over time and visualize how the actions carried out by deep learning models have influenced the system positively or negatively. From these dashboards, it will be possible to discover how the retraining performed by the system can improve the results, making the environment more and more efficient.

Open Research Data Pilot and Data management Plan

Report on Open Research Data Pilot and Data management Plan Periodic updates along with the projects reporting periods

Project Website.

Development of and regular updating of the intelWATT web site and social media presence including LinkedIn ResearchGate FB and Twitter

Project graphic identity (LOGO), leaflet and poster

The specific deliverable includes among others the development of project public website intelWATT leaflet intelWATT posters as well as the creation of the project graphic identity Logo

Publications

A Batch Reverse Osmosis Process to Recover and Recycle Trivalent Chromium from Electroplating Wastewater

Auteurs: Roxanne Engstler; Jan Reipert; Somayeh Karimi; Josipa Lisičar Vukušić; Felix Heinzler; Philip Davies; Mathias Ulbricht; Stéphan Barbe
Publié dans: Membranes; Volume 12; Numéro 9; Pages: 853, Numéro 1, 2022, Page(s) 853, ISSN 2077-0375
Éditeur: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090853

Water Flow‐Induced Energy Harvesting Exploiting Stacked Graphene Oxide Membranes

Auteurs: Antonio Lezzoche, Anna Aixalà‐Perelló, Alessandro Pedico, Marco Laurenti, Federico Raffone, Andrea Lamberti
Publié dans: Advanced Sustainable Systems, Numéro 7, 2023, ISSN 2366-7486
Éditeur: Wiley
DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202300046

Hybrid semi-batch/batch reverse osmosis (HSBRO) for use in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) applications

Auteurs: Ebrahim Hosseinipour; Somayeh Karimi; Stéphan Barbe; Kiho Park; Philip A. Davies
Publié dans: Desalination, Numéro Volume 544, 15 December 2022, 116126, 2022, ISSN 0011-9164
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2022.116126

Energy duty in direct contact membrane distillation of hypersaline brines operating at the water-energy nexus

Auteurs: Enrica Fontananova, Valentina Grosso, Elvira Pantuso, Laura Donato, Gianluca Di Profio
Publié dans: Journal of Membrane Science, Numéro Volume 676, 15 June 2023, 121585, 2023, ISSN 0376-7388
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121585

State-of-the-art review of porous polymer membrane formation characterization—How numerical and experimental approaches dovetail to drive innovation

Auteurs: Bohr, Sven Johann; Wang, Fei; Metze, Michael; Vukušić, Josipa Lisičar; Sapalidis, Andreas; Ulbricht, Mathias; Nestler, Britta; Barbe, Stéphan
Publié dans: Frontiers in Sustainability, Numéro Volume 4,2023, 2023, ISSN 2673-4524
Éditeur: Frontiers Media S.A
DOI: 10.3389/frsus.2023.1093911

Superhydrophobic nanoparticle-coated PVDF–HFP membranes with enhanced flux, anti-fouling and anti-wetting performance for direct contact membrane distillation-based desalination

Auteurs: Ioannis Tournis; Dimitris Tsiourvas; Zili Sideratou; Lamprini G. Boutsika; Aggeliki Papavasiliou; Nikos K. Boukos; Andreas A. Sapalidis
Publié dans: Environmental Science Water Research & Technology, Numéro 8, 2022, 2373, 2022, Page(s) 2373–2380, ISSN 2053-1419
Éditeur: Royal society of Chemistry
DOI: 10.1039/d2ew00407k

Advances in Water Resource Management: An In Situ Sensor Solution for Monitoring High Concentrations of Chromium in the Electroplating Industry

Auteurs: Giulia Mossotti, Andrea Piscitelli, Felice Catania, Matilde Aronne, Giulio Galfré, Andrea Lamberti, Sergio Ferrero, Luciano Scaltrito, Valentina Bertana
Publié dans: Water, Numéro 16, 2024, Page(s) 1167, ISSN 2073-4441
Éditeur: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI: 10.3390/w16081167

Green Methods for the Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Membranes: From Graphite to Membranes

Auteurs: Alessandro Pedico, Luisa Baudino, Anna Aixalà-Perelló, Andrea Lamberti
Publié dans: Membranes, Numéro 13, 2023, Page(s) 429, ISSN 2077-0375
Éditeur: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040429

Direct experimental comparison of batch reverse osmosis (RO) technologies

Auteurs: Ebrahim Hosseinipour, Philip A.Davies
Publié dans: Desalination, 2024, ISSN 0011-9164
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.117717

Permselectivity and Ionic Conductivity Study of Na+ and Br− Ions in Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries

Auteurs: Raphael Flack, Anna Aixalà-Perelló, Alessandro Pedico, Kobby Saadi, Andrea Lamberti, David Zitoun
Publié dans: Membranes, Numéro 13, 2023, Page(s) 695, ISSN 2077-0375
Éditeur: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080695

PVDF membranes for membrane distillation prepared by VIPS – A combined study of artificial water channel effectiveness and membrane performance prediction

Auteurs: Sven Johann Bohr, Kelvinraj Nursiah Loubna, Karfane Atfane, Sophie Cerneaux, Stéphan Barbe Mihail Barboiu
Publié dans: Open Research Europe, 2024, ISSN 2732-5121
Éditeur: F1000 Research Limited on behalf of the European Commission
DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17462.1

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