Descrizione del progetto
Far luce sull’importanza economica ed ecologica degli alberi non forestali
Gli alberi non forestali sono stati ampiamente trascurati dai ricercatori. Infatti, si sa poco sulla loro densità e sulle loro dimensioni, nonostante essi svolgano un ruolo fondamentale nella biodiversità e forniscano un’ampia varietà di servizi ecosistemici. Il progetto TOFDRY, finanziato dall’UE, sarà incentrato sugli alberi nelle terre aride, con l’obiettivo di far luce su come gli interventi umani e i cambiamenti climatici abbiano un impatto sugli alberi delle terre aride, e su come tali alberi possano aiutare a mitigare il degrado, i cambiamenti climatici e la povertà. Per trovare le risposte, il progetto studierà gli alberi singolarmente, registrandone la copertura ma anche la densità, le dimensioni della corona, i servizi ecologici chiave e i fattori socio-ambientali determinanti. Si farà ricorso all’utilizzo di immagini satellitari e di ampi dati ottenuti sul campo, nonché di tecniche di apprendimento profondo, per individuare oggetti all’interno delle immagini.
Obiettivo
Drylands cover approximately 65 million km² of the Earth’s land surface but their tree and shrub cover is a major unknown in terrestrial research. This is because a large proportion of dryland trees grow isolated without canopy closure and most scientific and non-scientific interest is devoted to forests, while the density and size of trees outside of forests is not well documented. However, these non-forest trees play a crucial role for biodiversity and provide ecosystem services such as carbon storage, food resources, livelihoods and shelter for humans and animals. The limited attention devoted to the quantification of dryland trees leads to an underrepresentation of non-forest trees in development strategies and climate\vegetation models, and the economic and ecological importance of non-forest trees is largely unknown at large scale.
Through this project I will work towards a wall-to-wall identification of trees in global drylands, and study their ecological services and socio-environmental determinants. The breakthrough is that trees are not assessed as canopy fraction of an area, but as individuals, allowing to identify not only their coverage but also their density, crown size, and key ecological services. I will apply a new generation of satellite imagery at sub-meter resolution and extensive field data in conjunction with fully convolutional neural networks, a deep learning technique being able to identify objects within imagery at an unprecedented accuracy. In doing so, I will lay the groundwork for new insights into the contribution of human agency and climate change to the distribution of dryland trees and their role in mitigating degradation, climate change and poverty.
Campo scientifico
- engineering and technologymechanical engineeringvehicle engineeringaerospace engineeringsatellite technology
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesecologyecosystems
- natural sciencescomputer and information sciencesartificial intelligencemachine learningdeep learning
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesclimatologyclimatic changes
- natural sciencescomputer and information sciencesartificial intelligencecomputational intelligence
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-STG - Starting GrantIstituzione ospitante
1165 Kobenhavn
Danimarca