Multi-Use offshore platforms demoNstrators for boostIng cost-effecTive and Eco-friendly proDuction in sustainable marine activities

Livrables

The deliverable will establish the project governing body and assure strategic guidance interdisciplinary exchange and internal communication within the Consortium and the European Commission The established governance structure will be included in deliverable D101 It entails sound legal contractual financial and administrative management of the project in compliance with the contractual obligations good management practices and the provisions of the Consortium Agreement and release of end reports

Review of pilot TRL, legal aspects, technical solutions and risks

Methods and concepts for the targeted usage are known for the onshorenearshore environment but must be determined developed and tested for specific offshore sites Certain technologies tourist concepts and health and safety guidelines need pretesting before incorporating them into the already existing offshore operations Such tests and optimizations can be costeffectively performed at a near shore sites easier logistics saving manpower Key elements of a blueprint for the offshore operation implementation will result from testing the potential solutions from WP1 to WP6 and WP8 Results of these tests will be used in an iterative loop to be optimized in WP16 and WP8 until the best feasible solution for the offshore operation is reachedSubtask 711 will include the review of the State of the art of offshore activities including aquaculture energy production offshore wind and floating solar and tourism visits diving fishing in cooperation with WP1 This subtask will be elaborated for sitespecific needs of each pilot as certain technologies may work in one site but may not work for another without major adjustments Nevertheless there will be strong interactions between pilots eg pilots 1 2 3 design of longlines pilot 4 5 health safety guidelines The results of the subtask will be incorporated into deliverable D71Additionally a review of legal aspects and performing risk analysis will be done to coshape the planned activities The following aspects that strongly rely on contracting and regulatory expertise will be included in this review 1 Financingbankability including to the extent required with respect to pledge and mortgage and risk management 2 Contractual framework 3 Regulatory framework The review will identify solutions to regulatory and contractual obstacles Findings will be reported in deliverable D71Each pilot has to consider the internationalnational legal framework Pilot 3 will need to understand the biosecurity measures that govern the importation of biological material from other European countries and their production in national waters Pilot 2 needs to consider legal ie contractual bankability and regulatory obstacles as there is no existing combined offshore integrated solar and wind energy production facility In addition Pilots 4 and 5 must consider or possibly develop specific safety conceptsmeasures for tourists A legal risk analysis will be performed and included in deliverable D71 which can be used to provide realistic criteria to determine the annual insurance policies and ratesMoreover the implementation of the pilots holds many technical challenges for which several solutions are assessed The concepts vary in the layout and mechanical construction and in the level of integration A preferred solution will be selected at each pilot and elaborated in more detail This will be done considering technical challenges and solutions cost savings potential for the different levels of integration risks and mitigation steps design modifications design certification coordinated operation strategies requiring interoperable equipment performance and reliability A technological risk assessment will be included in deliverable D71 for the activities which will be essential for future developments

Current environmental assessment and status of Pilots

The first task of this WP is to revisit the environmental assessment and status of the pilot pilots in order to ensure this initial project assessment is as current as possible and includes all external pressures environmental risks system changes and monitoring capacities It is essential to have a valid baseline environmental account of the region in which the MUCL of activities will take place in order to mitigate the influence of outside factors in the environmental feasibility and impact assessment Revisiting the environmental dynamics will ensure that all factors influencing the region immediately surrounding and within a region of influence of each of the pilot sites will have reliable reference states and accurate records of other potential pressures and actors whom ma influence conditions Furthermore current monitoring regimes across all 5 pilot sites will be reviewed and enhanced through collaboration with WP2 in order to have harmonized monitoring strategies where relevant within the UNTIED project Deliverable 41 will clearly summarize the results of these activities

Midterm report 2

This task will review and build upon the existing knowledge on the technical status of design of several combinations of multiuse concepts ie primary and secondary It will elaborate on the status of design guidelines for different industries in order to identify strong points as well as gaps in the guidelines This will lead to a roadmap for transferring of technology between different industries finding bridges between standards from different sectors ie offshore wind and aquaculture as well as identifying common and overlapping areas and definitions The task will be responsible for the creation of a Community of Practice among the proposed cases to ensure the link between innovation and uptake This will be done in collaboration and in parallel with the establishment of the Stakeholder Advisory Board The study will address links to other potential industries that are not on the same mature level as the primary multiuse concepts ie offshore wind and aquaculture The outputs of this task will be midterm reports and final report as in deliverables D104 D105 and D106

UNITED Assessment Framework to Determine Economic Feasibility of Multi-Use Platforms

Impact assessments are crucial in order to evaluate the likelihood of commercial interest in MUCLs The combination of offshore platforms with joint uses eg aquaculture tourism etc will undoubtedly be associated with higher costs and risks to platform owners As such this task aims to develop an assessment framework to guide the economic evaluation of the added value of MultiUse Platforms in Europe The framework will be structured to assess the financial costs and revenues of MUCLs and their efficiency value for money This assessment will also consider broader economic impacts that are difficult to capture in monetary terms ie changes in local employment levels changes in ecosystem services and functions The assessment framework will review applications of standard decisionmaking practices eg CostBenefit Analysis CostEffectiveness Analysis and MultiCriteria Analysis to determine the best approach to use within the UNITED project The assessment framework will provide guidelines on the identification of cost types in addition to guidance on the collection of relevant cost data and methods for their estimation if not available eg transferred from other sites and determine appropriate valuation techniques and available values or benefits functions to estimate benefits information on the economic efficiency of the responses This task will produce a deliverable D32 on the UNITED Assessment Framework to Determine Economic Feasibility of MultiUse Platforms

Report on identified risks, challenges and barriers

This deliverable will identify the challenges risks and barriers for large scale commercial roll out of multiuse platforms through the study of the previous projects such as the H2020 call The Oceans of Tomorrow which has provided promising designs technological proposals and models for combining activities in terms of economic potential and environmental impactFor an exhaustive examination of those marked challenges the analysis will focus on the five pillars 1 technology 2 economics 3 environmental 4 societal 5 legal policy and governance pillar The task will follow a methodology based on three incremental steps1Extensive review and investigation of developments of previous related projects and resulting works that have been selected under The ocean of tomorrow initiative and identify those challenges that have already been highlighted by those projects 2Perform interviews with the stakeholders involved through UNITED in order to include demonstrators and their ecological systems eg stakeholdersadvisory boards as well as to elicit the potential effects a multiuse platform may have on its local community3Run broader workshops in collaboration with the dissemination WP WP9 for collecting wider knowledge in that respect to investigate ways of involving local stakeholders to review previous reactions to a multiplatform implementation and structure a methodology of promoting consensusThe outcome will be the provision of a report of those main challenges risks and barriers faced by corresponding business enterprises in the pursuit of commercial roll outOutcome of this task a report with the identified risks challenges and barriers faced by developments of previous related projects and resulting works as in D11 This outcome will be used as input to WP2 WP3 WP4 WP5 and WP6 to give insight on the risk assessment that needs to be carried out for the optimized business cases based on above five pillars eg any unproven technology unexpected interactions higher complexity than expected uncertain scalability forbidden licenses costly insurances etc already identified by those projects to facilitate the optimized business cases definition

Framework and practical guidelines for stakeholder engagement

To secure stakeholder involvement this task develops a protocol for stakeholder engagement in compliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation GDPR The proposed framework for participatory design is based on the principles of legitimacy credibility and salience Cash et al 2013 Based on desk research and interviews with the coordinators of the pilots linked with WP1 a solution for critical success factors and drivers will be developed practical guidance To ensure successful mobilization of stakeholders this guide will support mapping and adapting best practices for each of the pilots eg to avoid stakeholders fatigue and include tools for effective mapping and mobilization The guide will also develop the steps for evaluation of the multiuse combination against the criteria formulated by the different stakeholders during the process to be applied in task 55 The developed framework and practical guidelines will be reported in deliverable D51

Midterm report 1

This task will review and build upon the existing knowledge on the technical status of design of several combinations of multiuse concepts ie primary and secondary It will elaborate on the status of design guidelines for different industries in order to identify strong points as well as gaps in the guidelines This will lead to a roadmap for transferring of technology between different industries finding bridges between standards from different sectors ie offshore wind and aquaculture as well as identifying common and overlapping areas and definitions The task will be responsible for the creation of a Community of Practice among the proposed cases to ensure the link between innovation and uptake This will be done in collaboration and in parallel with the establishment of the Stakeholder Advisory Board The study will address links to other potential industries that are not on the same mature level as the primary multiuse concepts ie offshore wind and aquaculture The outputs of this task will be midterm reports and final report as in deliverables D104 D105 and D106

Inventory of legal and insurance aspects, risks and risk management options and the wider governance context of risk management

Under WP 5 a stakeholder analysis will be implemented resulting in a case specific identification of relevant stakeholders For each pilot an identification of stakeholders wishes and needs will be implemented The outcomes of this assessment will be included in the inventory of legal and insurance aspects risks and risk management options and the wider governance context of risk management The task will generate a report on the inventory of legal and insurance aspects risks and risk management options and the wider governance context of risk management as in deliverable D61 This inventory will be starting point for further activities under Task 62 and 63 It will result in a case specific catalogue of issues to together with the relevant stakeholder groups during the implementation process of the pilot address

Curriculum for offshore course, guideline and learning manual

This deliverable covers training and capacity building of personnel in order to reduce risks increase safety and efficiency for operation It is therefore closely linked to the societal engagement in WP5 and training activities in WP9 The subtask will prepare public awareness materials not only for touristic purposes but also for educational objectives The educational program is highly important for recruitment of experienced staff for ongoing and future development of multipurpose industries The necessary infrastructure teaching facility and staff with proper knowledge to develop such a curriculum is available at the pilots The educational learning and training blocks should be developed during the project while incorporating elements arriving from handson experience Several learning modules are obligatory from the start including the regulations and legal rules applying to general aspects of aOffshore platform operation eg health and safety standards all pilotsbEnvironmental regulations related to handling and disposal of wastes in an appropriate manner all pilotscBasic knowledge on the biology of target species employed and offshore aquaculture pilot 1235dBasic knowledge on aquaculture technology employed in marine offshore farming pilot 1235eHandling procedures and management issues of aquaculture offshore systems eg maintenance stocking harvesting pilot 1235fBasic knowledge on operational needs for landbased support systems spare parts logistics perhaps data processing further handling of harvest storage and distribution all pilotsgBasic knowledge on legislation and operation for special support boats including courses on navigation safety at sea and other regulatory requirements all pilotsThe curriculum for the offshore course guideline and learning manual will be documented in deliverable D73 The handson experience should be practised during the first year of the nearshore testing phase Once a certificate is achieved one may consider those certificate holders to be involved in the next phase of the project at the real offshore site All other training and learning elements should be executed on the land based facility

Report on the State of the art implementation of an integrated pilot approach

This deliverable creates an analysis in two categories of solutions aProposed multiplatform solutions of projects from The oceans of tomorrow to review methods and solutions that can be reused in the UNITED frameworkbAny existing multiplatform solutions already taking place in the pilots In the case that no solutions have been applied in the pilot sites already this task will identify the parallel activities taking place in the coused marine space and create a multiplatform concept combining these activities The task will again follow the five pillar structure to carry out the analysis to feed with input the related WPs The task creates an analysis of what existing solutions involve such as existing planning tools and models for optimal setups and improvements engineering of physical structural and infrastructure applications as well as any strategic and cooperative decision support systems DSS This investigation will then help to identify any optimizations to be provided by UNITED The task will also follow the below stepsaWorking with WP5 the task will carry out interviews with the stakeholders involved in UNITED pilots to create a first societal profile of the local community and predict reactions in order to elicit the potential effects a multiuse platform may have on its local community Results will be used as output to WP5 for societal assessmentbRun broader workshops in collaboration with the dissemination WP WP9 for collecting wider knowledge in that respect to investigate ways of involving local stakeholders to review previous reactions to a multiplatform implementation and structure a methodology of promoting consensusThe tasks output should be considered as the stateof theart bringing into light the highlighted areas that need improvement and producing the beyondstateoftheart picture that is needed to take action accordingly as in D12

Current economic assessment and status of Pilots

The first deliverable of this WP is to revisit the economic assessment and status of the pilot pilots in order to ensure this initial project assessment is as current as possible and includes all bottlenecks setbacks limitations and requirements for development This revised assessment will serve as the most accurate baseline reference of the pilot sites during the project and allow for detailed and accurate assessment of the policies structures monitoring regimes and optimization efforts applied through the project in order to ensure accurate accounting of results Furthermore the current business model and plans for each of the pilot sites will be readdressed in this task and take into account the stakeholders and user base outputs of WP5 which exists within the UNTIED project Deliverable 31 will incorporate the findings from these activities

Assessment Framework to Determine Ecological Feasibility of Multi-Use Platforms

Environmental Impact Assessments EIAs of MUCLs are not only necessary but are also required by the local authorities for approval for commercial exploitation The combination of offshore platforms with joint uses eg aquaculture tourism etc will most probably lead to a reduced impact on the environment when compared to the situation where each component is installed independently This task aims to develop an assessment framework to guide the ecological evaluation of the added value of MultiUse Platforms in Europe Standard tools such as EIAs local scale will be included in an ecosystem services ESs approach By evaluating the impact of MUCLs on marine ES it will be possible to map the impacts on the marine ecosystem on a larger regional scale but also to evaluate the interactions between impacts To validate the impact on a global scale LCA analysis is generally usedBesides environmental impact a holistic approach can be used to include social impact WP5 and economic impacts WP3 of MUCLs The assessment framework will provide guidelines on the identification of the hot spots in addition guidance on the collection of relevant cost data and methods for their estimation if not available eg transferred from other sites This task will produce a deliverable D42 on the UNITED Assessment Framework to Determine Ecological Feasibility of MultiUse Platforms

Initial Communication plan

This task focuses on building a suitable stakeholder ecosystem for the implementation of the pilots A continuous dialogue with authorities administrative bodies and other relevant stakeholders will need to commence early and continue throughout the project in order to enable the smooth implementation of pilots and effective up take of the overall project results Therefore this task will generate a communication plan as in deliverable D92

Developing a blueprint for the offshore site operation

Various pretesting activities will take place which will lead to the right choice of materials and setup Robustness fouling ease of handling Training and Capacity Building of personnel and cost are among the test parameters The initial design is adapted and redesigned based on the results of the feedback loops and pretests Monitoring tools should be also adapted to local pilot conditions such as strong bottom sandwaves great depth or high turbidity Pilots 1 and 3 will perform a number of tests at a nearshore test site Pilot 2 will improve the results with feedback loops from wind turbine operators Ventolines and offshore solar farm operators OOE Pilot 4 will test different options and evaluate different versions of health and safety issues as well as preparing respective concepts for the offshore operation Pilot 5 will conduct pretests of technological implementations for all planned offshore activities Certain technological parts need pretesting before incorporating into the already existing offshore operational scenario WP2 WP4 This holds in particular for the baseline study of the interlinking of multifactor monitoring systems for which also training of personnel WP5 eg handling calibration maintenance is needed while estimates on the synergy effects of the multiuse concept eg economics running costs personnel costs shared ship time can be made followed by immediate adjustments to reach optimization WP3 Such test and optimizations are more costeffectively performed at a near shore site easier logistics saving a lot of manpower time where support infrastructure exist Pretesting and redesign results will be synthetized in deliverable D72Additionally this deliverable will be responsible for the production of the components of the offshore unit based on the pretesting outcomes of Subtask 713 This includes the major components for the floating solarPV system and integration system Pilot 2 base and facilities for divers on the platform Pilot 4 and 5 longlines connectors moorings and linking units to the platform harvesting equipment units appropriate for the attachment of seaweed rhizoids as well as the various types of ropes to be tested as substrate for seed Pilot 1 2 3 Longlines will be designed by UGent for the different pilots 1 2 and 3 suitable for the rough North Sea conditions The concession holders will determine the framework of the technical requirements The natureinclusive scour protection for the promotion of flat oyster reef restauration will be designed only for pilot 3 The final objective of this subtask is developing a blueprint for the offshore site operation as in deliverable D72

Design and construction plans for the pre-operational phases of the pilots

For MUCL there are a special subset of technological challenges in the colocation and couse of maritime space Such challenges include the need for specialized monitoring equipment with multifunctionality ie capturing a wide spectra of variables required to evaluate and manage multiple colocated uses which are not traditionally integrated Within this task the monitoring mooring docking and management systems of the marine platforms will be adapted in order to update such systems to the new requirements posed by the MUCL This task requires close collaboration with each of the pilots in order to precisely and effectively combine the updated platform and special requirements with the available technologies and infrastructure to be implemented at the pilot This will result in the generation of design and construction plans as in D22 for the preoperational phases of the pilots to develop and construct during this phase

Outline of ORDP

The data governance approaches should cover the following topics Define data management strategies Historical maintenance data formats metadata etc For instance the issue of the management of the historical data what to keep for how long with which level of accessibility is an issue that is a common ground of discussion between the service providers Data access procedures import data point to original data sources caching levels etc It includes EO data and environmental data retrieval for the entire project The data will be adapted and preprocessed when needed to feed the service operation with needed inputs Big data issue approaches how to manage the large data sets that will be available daily Data integration and fusion merge of different data sources build best available data sets fuse different data sources to produce derived data sets etc Data privacy policy methods to ensure the rules established by the data owners are effectively observed Data quality control dealing with different data providers the question of the data quality control for instance is quite relevant once the users will be expecting that the data provided by the service is reliable

Draft Data Management Plan (DMP)

The Data Management Plan DMP will be generated within this task In the first six months of the project a DMP will be prepared as in Deliverable D102 with the help of all partners following guidelines from EU The plan includes the definition of the data and publication policy addressing Intellectual Property Rights IPR and it will be regularly updated

Publications

Northern Europe's suitability for offshore European flat oyster (<scp>Ostrea edulis</scp>) habitat restoration: A mechanistic niche modelling approach

Auteurs: Brecht Stechele; Anna Hughes; Steven Degraer; Peter Bossier; Nancy Nevejan
Publié dans: Special Numéro: NATIVE OYSTER RESTORATION ALLIANCE (NORA) 4TH CONFERENCE ‐ RECONNECTING ACROSS EUROPE, Numéro Volume33, Numéro7, 2023, Page(s) 696-707, ISSN 1052-7613
Éditeur: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3947

Northern Europe’s suitability for offshore European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) habitat restoration based on population dynamics

Auteurs: Brecht Stechele, Leo Barbut, Geneviève Lacroix, Luca A. van Duren, Vera Van Lancker, Steven Degraer, Giacomo Montereale Gavazzi, Peter Bossier, Annelies M. Declercq, Nancy Nevejan
Publié dans: Frontiers in Marine Science, Numéro 10, 2023, ISSN 2296-7745
Éditeur: Frontiers
DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1224346

Comparing life history traits and tolerance to changing environments of two oyster species (Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas) through Dynamic Energy Budget theory

Auteurs: Brecht Stechele; Marie Maar; Jeroen Wijsman; Dimitry Van der Zande; Steven Degraer; Peter Bossier; Nancy Nevejan
Publié dans: Conservation Physiology, Numéro Volume 10, Numéro 1, 2022, ISSN 2051-1434
Éditeur: Oxford University Press
DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac034

Application of local and global sensitivity analysis methods to a north sea hydrodynamic model – study case of sffshore blue mussels and seaweed farms

Auteurs: Basnayake Mudiyanselage, Vindhya
Publié dans: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Numéro 11, 2021
Éditeur: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)

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