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Metabolic effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: novel testing METhods and adverse outcome pathways

Deliverables

Initial press release

An initial press release will be prepared describing the overall goals and ambition of the project and announcing the start of the project. The press release will initially be published on the BfR webpage and will be distributed to all project partners for publication on their individual webpages.

Project brochure

The project brochure within this deliverable will be in folded leaflet format and contain important information similar to what is presented on the website, aimed at presentation of the project e.g. by distribution of the brochure at scientific meetings. An electronic version of the brochure will also be provided on the project website for download; BfR will provide the project partners with printed brochures as required.

Project website for internal access as well as for public access

A website for the project will be generated and made publicly available. The initial website for internal access will serve the purpose of internal data exchange and information (e.g. on scientific events, reporting deadlines, published papers, repository of previous deliverables and reports) and be protected by a password. The publicly available website will contain information on the project goals, partners, current activities and events, recent developments and scientific publications, as well as contact information for stakeholders. Due date: 3/6 and updates

Data management plan

Data management plan is finalised. Availability of the data management plan will guide how research data are to be handled both during the project, and after the project is completed.

Organization of midterm workshop

A stakeholder workshop to present and discuss the results from the first project phase is organized. If possible, the workshop will take place at the BfR facilities in Berlin, Germany. Organization of the workshop involves compilation of the scientific program, invitation of stakeholders, as well as general conference organization aspects. Stakeholder feedback will be collected, reviewed and used for optimization of the project strategy. A workshop report will be prepared and published as mentioned in the description of deliverable 5.6.

A validated classification system linking ED exposure to adverse outcome

A report detailing the identification of omic-level features that can be used to classify common molecular actions of known ED chemicals. These feature sets will be used to predict novel actions of ED chemicals, a proportion of which will be experimentally validated.

Workshop

Joint meeting for incorporating EDCMET findings

End-of-project workshop

A second workshop will be held at the end of the project, again in Berlin, Germany, if organizationally feasible. Organization of the workshop involves compilation of the scientific program, invitation of stakeholders, as well as general conference organization aspects. Major achievements and conclusions will be presented to the stakeholders and feedback will be collected. A workshop report will be prepared and published as mentioned in the description of deliverable 5.6.

A validated molecular modelling approach to identify interactions between proteins and EDs

A report detailing the optimal in silico docking protocols for different classes of ED chemical–protein interactions, complete with validation data.

A list of potential biomarkers of exposure and effect for EDs

A report detailing the fingerprinting of ED chemical action across a range of omiclevels These fingerprints will be used to predict novel actions biomarkers of ED chemical exposure or effect a proportion of which will be experimentally validated

Report of the Ethical Review
Formation of External Scientific Advisory Board

Members of the External Scientific Advisory Board are appointed by the end of the first project month.

Validation report of the top-performing metabolic ED assay battery using a the reference chemical sets based on WP1 and WP3
A binding energy interaction map to explore the quantitative interaction of EDs with proteins, as part of the overall risk assessment model

A report from the proteome-wide screen for ED chemical-protein interactions. For exemplar interactions of each predicted ED chemical class-protein interactions, binding energy interaction maps will be generated

Report describing standardized protocols for in vivo testing of metabolic effects of EDs

The report will describe the recommended protocols for the main in vivo tests to detect harmful metabolic effects of EDs

Database on metabolism related ED pathways that may be further developed into OECD recognized AOPs and on biomarker fingerprints for metabolic disturbance

This database collects the putative molecular pathways and biomarker fingerprints discovered in WP3 during the project mediating the harmful metabolic effects of EDs.

Database of mitochondrial screening battery data using ED refset1
Validated NR reporter gene assays
Report on testing for ED effects in vulnerable individuals

The report will summarize a protocol for testing metabolic effects of EDs in obese mice Furthermore we shall describe a protocol for testing the metabolic effects of in utero exposure to EDs

Report with potencies of ED reference chemicals
A report of new biomarkers for population studies

Associations of measured ED levels and systemic metabolism by using highthroughput serum nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy platform will be made to find new biomarkers for population studies This task needs the information from in vitro and in vivo studies in WP3

A report of the levels of selected EDs and health outcomes

The report consists of the analyzed levels of selected EDs in the study cohorts and literature review about associations of the exposure levels of EDs and health outcomes

A list of proteins most likely to interact with EDs

A report from the proteome-wide screen for ED chemical-protein interactions. A list of predicted interactions will be presented, along with experimental validation data for a proportion of these interactions

Database of expression analysis data of HepaRG treated cells using ED refset1
List of relevant events and stakeholders of the project to be involved in further activities

A list of relevant stakeholders with potential interest in the content and achievements of EDCMET is prepared. Stakeholders are identified based on their role in the field (e.g. regulatory agencies, basic science instituted, industry (see also deliverable 5.10)) and publicly available sources such as scientific publications or conference programs. The list will comprise contact persons, email addresses, affiliations and basic information about background, interests and own previous engagement in the field. The list will be hosted by BfR and will be continuously updated throughout the project.

Transfer final processed data for long-term storage

This deliverable reports on the storage of the final processed data into databases (e.g. a data repository in CSC IDA-server) for long-term storage. It will summarise the details of the stored data, its quality as well as permanent identifiers of the datasets.

A report of study protocol for monitoring effects of exposure to EDs in cohort studies

Principles for the study protocol suitable for detecting associations of the health outcomes and exposure to ED related compounds during pregnancy and later in life

Predictivity and feedback report 2 to WP1 and WP2

Predictivity of the in silico and in vitro assays developed in WP1 and WP2 will be tested for selected test compounds using in vivo tests. This final report is public.

A systems toxicology tool to predict emergent metabolic phenotype from ED exposure

A report and associated computational model(s) on the development of quasi steady-state Petri net model of the predicted dynamic response to ED chemical exposure. Validation against a training set of known ED chemical effects will be included.

Report with the performance based rank-order of tested metabolic ED assays

Report with the performance based rankorder of tested metabolic ED assays

Detailed dissemination and communication plan

Based on the list of the identified stakeholders and their particular interests, a dissemination and communication plan will be established. This document will contain considerations on appropriate communication and dissemination tools (e.g. newsletter, announcement on the project website, and others) to be developed and implemented for further use in the project, in order to ensure optimal interaction with the stakeholders.

Database of NR-cofactor interaction assay battery data using ED refset1

Database of NRcofactor interaction assay battery data using ED refset1

A report/publication of estimation of human health risks of selected EDs

A report/publication review the issues associated with human health risk assessment of single/cocktail chemical as well as summary of EDCMET risk assessment results.

Methods submission to supranational organizations

Methods and strategies developed within the course of the project will be identified which are potentially suitable for later regulatory implementation in toxicological testing. Supranational organizations (e.g. JRC, OECD) will be approached and the project results will be communicated in matters of formal validation and future regulatory acceptance. A document summarizing the respective activities will be prepared

Publications

EDTox: an R Shiny application to predict the endocrine disruption potential of compounds

Author(s): Sakhteman A, Ghosh A, Fortino V
Published in: Bioinformatics, 2022, ISSN 1367-4811
Publisher: Oxford University Press
DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac045

The determinants and longitudinal changes in vitamin D status in middle-age: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study

Author(s): Helmi Ikonen, Johanna Lumme, Jussi Seppälä, Paula Pesonen, Terhi Piltonen, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Jouko Miettunen, Maarit Niinimäki, Saranya Palaniswamy, Sylvain Sebert, Marja Ojaniemi
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition, Issue 60/8, 2021, Page(s) 4541-4553, ISSN 1436-6207
Publisher: Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02606-z

Nuclear Receptor PXR in Drug-Induced Hypercholesterolemia

Author(s): Jukka Hakkola; Janne Hukkanen; Mikko Karpale
Published in: Cells, Vol 11, Iss 313, p 313 (2022), Issue 29, 2023, ISSN 2073-4409
Publisher: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells11030313

Metabolic profiling and in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of furathiocarb in mammalian hepatic microsomes

Author(s): Khaled Abass, Petri Reponen, Walaa F. Alsanie, Arja Rautio, Olavi Pelkonen
Published in: Toxicology Reports, Issue 9, 2024, Page(s) 750-758, ISSN 2214-7500
Publisher: Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.030

Pilot study of exposure of the male population to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in a region of high agricultural activity (Córdoba, Argentina)

Author(s): Iohanna Filippi; Natalia Bravo; Joan O. Grimalt; Mariana Butinof; Daniel Lerda; Ricardo A. Fernández; Sonia E. Muñoz; María V. Amé
Published in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Issue 28, 2021, Page(s) 908-953, ISSN 1614-7499
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14397-1

Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals Affecting the Liver: Screening, Testing, and Molecular Pathway Identification

Author(s): Kristin Fritsche; Andrea Ziková-Kloas; Philip Marx-Stoelting; Albert Braeuning
Published in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Issue 25, 2023, ISSN 1422-0067
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032686

When Two Become One: Conformational Changes in FXR/RXR Heterodimers Bound to Steroidal Antagonists

Author(s): Alejandro Díaz-Holguín, Azam Rashidian, Dirk Pijnenburg, Dr. Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira, Alzbeta Stefela, Dr. Miroslav Kaspar, Prof. Eva Kudova, Prof. Antti Poso, Rinie van Beuningen, Prof. Petr Pavek, Dr. Thales Kronenberger
Published in: Chem Med Chem, 2022, ISSN 1860-7187
Publisher: Wiley-VCH GmbH
DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200556

Determinants of accelerated metabolomic and epigenetic aging in a UK cohort

Author(s): Oliver Robinson, Marc Chadeau Hyam, Ibrahim Karaman, Rui Climaco Pinto, Mika Ala-Korpela, Evangelos Handakas, Giovanni Fiorito, He Gao, Andy Heard, Marjo‐Riitta Jarvelin, Matthew Lewis, Raha Pazoki, Silvia Polidoro, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Matthias Wielscher, Paul Elliott, Paolo Vineis
Published in: Aging Cell, Issue 19/6, 2020, ISSN 1474-9718
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Inc.
DOI: 10.1111/acel.13149

Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the pregnane X receptor: a rationale for interindividual variability in drug metabolism

Author(s): """Smutny T, Hyrsova L, Braeuning A, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Pavek P"""
Published in: Archives of toxicology, Issue 95, 2020, Page(s) 11-25, ISSN 0340-5761
Publisher: Springer Verlag
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02916-x

Non-occupational exposure to pesticides and health markers in general population in Northern Finland: Differences between sexes

Author(s): Saranya Palaniswamy, Khaled Abass, Jaana Rysä, Jon Øyvind Odland, Joan O. Grimalt, Arja Rautio, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Published in: Environment International, Issue 156, 2021, Page(s) 106766, ISSN 0160-4120
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106766

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Two Novel Loci Associated with Female Stress and Urgency Urinary Incontinence.

Author(s): Cartwright R, Franklin L, Tikkinen KAO, Kalliala I, Miotla P, Rechberger T, Offiah I, McMahon S, O'Reilly B, Lince S, Kluivers K, Post WM, Poelmans G, Palmer MR, Wessells H, Wong A, Kuh D, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Mangino M, Spector T, Guggenheim JA, Lehne B, De Silva NMG, Evans DM, Lawlor D, Karhunen V, Männikkö M, Marczak M, Bennett PR, Khullar V, Järvelin M-R, Walley A.
Published in: The Journal of urology, Issue 206, 2021, Page(s) 679-687, ISSN 0022-5347
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000001822

Activation of pregnane X receptor induces atherogenic lipids and PCSK9 by a SREBP2‐mediated mechanism

Author(s): Mikko Karpale, Aki Juhani Käräjämäki, Outi Kummu, Helena Gylling, Tuulia Hyötyläinen, Matej Orešič, Ari Tolonen, Heidi Hautajärvi, Markku J. Savolainen, Mika Ala‐Korpela, Janne Hukkanen, Jukka Hakkola
Published in: British Journal of Pharmacology, Issue 178/12, 2021, Page(s) 2461-2481, ISSN 0007-1188
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
DOI: 10.1111/bph.15433

PXR and 4β-Hydroxycholesterol Axis and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome

Author(s): Hukkanen J, Hakkola J
Published in: Cells, Issue 9, 2020, Page(s) 2445, ISSN 2073-4409
Publisher: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells9112445

Metabolic profiles of socio-economic position: a multi-cohort analysis

Author(s): Oliver Robinson, Alice R Carter, Mika Ala-Korpela, Juan P Casas, Nishi Chaturvedi, Jorgen Engmann, Laura D Howe, Alun D Hughes, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Mika Kähönen, Ville Karhunen, Diana Kuh, Tina Shah, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Reecha Sofat, Chung-Ho E Lau, Terho Lehtimäki, Usha Menon, Olli Raitakari, Andy Ryan, Rui Providencia, Stephanie Smith, Julie Taylor, Therese Tillin, Jorma Viikari, Andrew Wong
Published in: International Journal of Epidemiology, Issue 50/3, 2020, Page(s) 768-782, ISSN 0300-5771
Publisher: Oxford University Press
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa188

Adverse outcome pathway-based analysis of liver steatosis in vitro using human liver cell lines

Author(s): Mawien Karaca, Kristin Fritsche, Dajana Lichtenstein, Özlem Vural, Katrin Kreuzer, Jimmy Alarcan, Albert Braeuning, Philip Marx-Stoelting, Tewes Tralau
Published in: STAR Protocols, Issue 4, 2024, Page(s) 102500, ISSN 2666-1667
Publisher: New York: Cell Press Elsevier Inc
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102500

Pregnane X receptor activation remodels glucose metabolism to promote NAFLD development in obese mice

Author(s): Mikko Karpale, Outi Kummu, Olli Kärkkäinen, Marko Lehtonen, Juha Näpänkangas, Uta M. Herfurth, Albert Braeuning, Jaana Rysä, Jukka Hakkola
Published in: Molecular Metabolism, Issue 76, 2023, Page(s) 101779, ISSN 2212-8778
Publisher: Elsevier GmbH
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101779

Monitoring temporal trends of dioxins, organochlorine pesticides and chlorinated paraffins in pooled serum samples collected from Northern Norwegian women: The MISA cohort study

Author(s): Xu S, Hansen S, Rautio A, Järvelin M, Abass K, Rysä J, Palaniswamy S, Huber S, Grimalt JO, Dumas P, Odland JO
Published in: Environmental Research, Issue 204, 2021, Page(s) 111980, ISSN 0013-9351
Publisher: Academic Press
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111980

Investigating the relationship between non-occupational pesticide exposure and metabolomic biomarkers

Author(s): Saranya Palaniswamy, Khaled Abass, Jaana Rysä, Joan O. Grimalt, Jon Øyvind Odland, Arja Rautio, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
Published in: Frontiers in Public Health, Issue 11, 2023, ISSN 2296-2565
Publisher: Lausanne: Frontiers Media S.A
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248609

Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals and the Constitutive Androstane Receptor CAR

Author(s): Jenni Küblbeck, Jonna Niskanen, Paavo Honkakoski
Published in: Cells, Issue 9/10, 2020, Page(s) 2306, ISSN 2073-4409
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI: 10.3390/cells9102306

Environmental contaminants in Arctic human populations: Trends over 30 years

Author(s): Saranya Palaniswamy, Laura Nevala, Paula Pesonen, Arja Rautio, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Khaled Abass, Dolley Charles
Published in: Environment International, Issue 189, 2024, Page(s) 108777, ISSN 0160-4120
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108777

Off-target lipid metabolism disruption by the mouse constitutive androstane receptor ligand TCPOBOP in humanized mice

Author(s): Skoda J, Dohnalova K, Chalupsky K, Stahl A, Templin M, Maixnerova J, Micuda S, Grontved L, Braeuning A, Pavek P
Published in: Biochemical pharmacology, Issue 197, 2022, Page(s) 114905-114905, ISSN 0006-2952
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114905

A toxicogenomic data space for system-level understanding and prediction of EDC-induced toxicity

Author(s): A. Sakhteman; M. Failli; J. Kublbeck; A.L. Levonen; V. Fortino
Published in: Environment International, Issue 156, 2021, Page(s) 106751, ISSN 0160-4120
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106751

The EDCMET Project: Metabolic Effects of Endocrine Disruptors

Author(s): Jenni Küblbeck, Taina Vuorio, Jonna Niskanen, Vittorio Fortino, Albert Braeuning, Khaled Abass, Arja Rautio, Jukka Hakkola, Paavo Honkakoski, Anna-Liisa Levonen
Published in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Issue 21/8, 2020, Page(s) 3021, ISSN 1422-0067
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083021

Mother/child organophosphate and pyrethroid distributions

Author(s): Natalia Bravo, Joan O. Grimalt, Darja Mazej, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Dimosthenis Andreas Sarigiannis, Milena Horvat
Published in: Environment International, Issue 134, 2020, Page(s) 105264, ISSN 0160-4120
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105264

Changes of organochlorine compound concentrations in maternal serum during pregnancy and comparison to serum cord blood composition

Author(s): Eva Junqué, Sergi Garcia, María Ángeles Martínez, Joaquim Rovira, Marta Schuhmacher, Joan O. Grimalt
Published in: Environmental Research, Issue 182, 2020, Page(s) 108994, ISSN 0013-9351
Publisher: Academic Press
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108994

Urinary cobalt and ferritin in four-years-old children

Author(s): Eva Junqué, Joan O. Grimalt, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Adonina Tardón
Published in: Environmental Research, Issue 183, 2020, Page(s) 109147, ISSN 0013-9351
Publisher: Academic Press
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109147

Drivers of maternal accumulation of organohalogen pollutants in Arctic areas (Chukotka, Russia) and 4,4′-DDT effects on the newborns

Author(s): Natalia Bravo, Joan O. Grimalt, Max Chashchin, Valery P. Chashchin, Jon-Øyvind Odland
Published in: Environment International, Issue 124, 2019, Page(s) 541-552, ISSN 0160-4120
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.049

Mother-child transfer rates of organohalogen compounds up to four years of age

Author(s): Mercè Garí, Joan O. Grimalt, Esther Vizcaino, Adonina Tardón, Ana Fernández-Somoano
Published in: Environment International, Issue 133, 2019, Page(s) 105241, ISSN 0160-4120
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105241

Organophosphate metabolite concentrations in maternal urine during pregnancy

Author(s): Natalia Bravo, Soraya Peralta, Joan O. Grimalt, Maria Ángeles Martínez, Joaquim Rovira, Marta Schuhmacher
Published in: Environmental Research, Issue 182, 2020, Page(s) 109003, ISSN 0013-9351
Publisher: Academic Press
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109003

Exposure to low-dose perfluorooctanoic acid promotes hepatic steatosis and disrupts the hepatic transcriptome in mice

Author(s): Brecht Attema; Aafke W.F. Janssen; Deborah Rijkers; Evert M. van Schothorst; Guido J.E.J. Hooiveld; Sander Kersten
Published in: Molecular Metabolism, Issue 7, 2022, ISSN 2212-8778
Publisher: Elsevier GmbH
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101602

Organic Air Quality Markers of Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 Aerosols in Primary Schools from Barcelona.

Author(s): Barend L. van Drooge; Ioar Rivas; Xavier Querol; Jordi Sunyer; Joan O. Grimalt
Published in: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Issue 17, 2020, Page(s) 3685, ISSN 1660-4601
Publisher: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103685

Evidenced-Based Approaches to Support the Development of Endocrine-Mediated Adverse Outcome Pathways: Challenges and Opportunities

Author(s): Karine Audouze; Elias Zgheib; Khaled Abass; Khaled Abass; Asma H. Baig; Isabel Forner-Piquer; Henrik Holbech; Dries Knapen; Pim E. G. Leonards; Diana I. Lupu; Saranya Palaniswamy; Arja Rautio; Maria Sapounidou; Olwenn V. Martin
Published in: Frontiers in Toxicology, Issue 3, 2021, ISSN 2673-3080
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A
DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.787017

Glyphosate and AMPA in saliva and other traditional human matrices. New findings for less invasive biomonitoring to the exposure to pesticides

Author(s): Iohanna Filippi, Pilar Fernández, Joan O. Grimalt, Mariana Butinof, María V. Amé, Sonia E. Muñoz
Published in: Environmental Advances, Issue 15, 2024, Page(s) 100474, ISSN 2666-7657
Publisher: Oxford: Elsevier Ltd
DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100474

Characterization of furathiocarb metabolism in in-vitro human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes

Author(s): Khaled Abass, Petri Reponen, Walaa F. Alsanie, Arja Rautio, Olavi Pelkonen
Published in: Toxicology Reports, Issue 9, 2024, Page(s) 679-689, ISSN 2214-7500
Publisher: Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.046

Metabolic effects of nuclear receptor activation in vivo after 28-day oral exposure to three endocrine-disrupting chemicals

Author(s): Brecht Attema, Outi Kummu, Sini Pitkänen, Jonna Weisell, Taina Vuorio, Erika Pennanen, Maria Vorimo, Jaana Rysä, Sander Kersten, Anna-Liisa Levonen, Jukka Hakkola
Published in: Archives of Toxicology, Issue 98, 2024, Page(s) 911-928, ISSN 0340-5761
Publisher: Springer Verlag
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03658-2

Chloro-s-triazines-toxicokinetic, Toxicodynamic, Human Exposure, and Regulatory Considerations.

Author(s): Khaled Abass; Olavi Pelkonen; Arja Rautio
Published in: Current Drug Metabolism, Issue 22, 2022, Page(s) 645-656, ISSN 1389-2002
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
DOI: 10.2174/1389200222666210701164945

Adverse outcome pathway for pregnane X receptor-induced hypercholesterolemia

Author(s): Anna Itkonen, Jukka Hakkola, Jaana Rysä
Published in: Archives of Toxicology, Issue 97, 2023, Page(s) 2861-2877, ISSN 0340-5761
Publisher: Springer Verlag
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03575-4

Common maternal and fetal genetic variants show expected polygenic effects on risk of small- or large-for-gestational-age (SGA or LGA), except in the smallest 3% of babies.

Author(s): Beaumont, R. N., Kotecha, S. J., Wood, A. R., Knight, B. A., Sebert, S., McCarthy, M. I., Hattersley, A. T., Järvelin, M. R., Timpson, N. J., Freathy, R. M., & Kotecha, S.
Published in: PLoS genetics, Issue 16, 2020, Page(s) e1009191-e1009191, ISSN 1553-7390
Publisher: Public Library of Science
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009191

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