Periodic Reporting for period 4 - QNETWORK (Quantum networks wired by multi-spin entanglement)
Reporting period: 2022-11-01 to 2023-04-30
Entanglement is a counterintuitive concept that has a central place in quantum theory. Two or more particles that are entangled lose their individual properties while their joint state is perfectly defined. Entanglement is especially striking when the particles involved are spatially separated, resulting in non-local correlations and rich phenomena like teleportation that go far beyond the realm of classical physics.At the same time, theoretical work is uncovering the exciting and unique possibilities of entanglement that is controllably shared between multiple nodes of a fundamentally new type of network: a quantum network.Realization of a quantum network would provide scientists with a unique new platform allowing both for novel fundamental studies of nature as well as for applications in quantum information processing, communication and metrology
The QNETWORK project achieved the realization of the world's first multi-node entanglement-based quantum network. The network has three fully controlled multi-spin nodes at individual diamond defects connected by single-photon entanglement links. Using this quantum network we have demonstrated teleportation of qubits between nodes that do not share a direct connection, a key feature for the future quantum Internet. Besides these main demonstrations, the projected has yielded new insights into entanglement protocols and the physical realizations thereof, new knowledge of diamond NV centers, and promising results on a cavity-enhanced quantum network node based on NV centers.
The QNETWORK project achieved the realization of the world's first multi-node entanglement-based quantum network. The network has three fully controlled multi-spin nodes at individual diamond defects connected by single-photon entanglement links. Using this quantum network we have demonstrated teleportation of qubits between nodes that do not share a direct connection, a key feature for the future quantum Internet. Besides these main demonstrations, the projected has yielded new insights into entanglement protocols and the physical realizations thereof, new knowledge of diamond NV centers, and promising results on a cavity-enhanced quantum network node based on NV centers.
In the first phase of the project, work has concentrated on increasing the rate of entanglement generation between remote nodes and on realizing robust network qubits, as well as solving challenges related to efficient operation of the quantum network. For faster entangling operations, we have designed and implemented a new architecture that enables the required phase stabilization across multiple quantum network nodes. Furthermore, we have increased control and coherence of nuclear spin qubits that can serve as quantum memories, and demonstrated a novel 3-qubit measurement protocol and tests of quantum non-contextuality. We have also unravelled the orbital and spin dynamics of the other charge state of the diamond qubit. Finally, we have achieved a breakthrough in the fabrication of qubits in diamond membrane devices suitable for incorporation into microcavities for further enhancing of entangling rates.
Besides the technical work, we have formulated a vision on the future of quantum networks and classified different stages of development and their corresponding applications in an authoritative review.
Besides the technical work, we have formulated a vision on the future of quantum networks and classified different stages of development and their corresponding applications in an authoritative review.
The results of the first phase have put us in an excellent position to realize the world’s first multi-node quantum network, which is the main goal of this project. We expect that to demonstrate the first three-node network early in the second phase, with the remainder of the project for exploiting this network for demonstrating both quantum network applications as well fundamental explorations.