Next-generation interdigitated back-contacted silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules by design and process innovations

Livrables

Report on the breakdown of optical and electrical losses in IBC-SHJ solar cells and optimization strategies

Quantitative loss analysis (parasitic absorption, resistive losses, and optical reflection) relying on the results from advanced characterization methods, including photoelectron yield spectroscopy, will address interface defects (with sensitivity better than 1 defect per 1000 atoms) and resulting recombination losses at the cSi interfaces, limiting the achievable Voc and efficiency.

Fabrication and delivery of 2500 high quality n-type Cz wafer per year

A total of 5000 high-quality c-Si wafers will be fabricated in two batches of 2500 (within M12 and within M24). Lifetime over resistivity ratio and resistivity will be constantly monitored to be higher than 2 ms/Ohm.cm and in the range between 1 – 2 ohm.cm, respectively.

Reports on optical characterization of comb finger shapes with guidelines for use by other WPs

The work aims to provide non-contact tool for optimization of the IBC scheme. Its sensitivity (estimated at thickness resolution to below 1 nm) and spatial resolution limits (below 500 nm) will be assessed on both smooth and rough test samples for a-Si:H as well as novel mate-rials for contact stacks (doped mc-Si:H and mc-SiOx:H, TMOs).

Textured c-Si exhibiting low reflectance (<5%) and implied current density beyond 41.5 mA/cm2

Textured c-Si wafers enable the optimal absorption of light inside the solar cell. Single and double-side pyramidal texturing and single sided modulated surface texturing will be tested. Reflectance spectrum and implied current density will be measured, seeking for benchmark values, such as <5% and 41.5 mA/cm2, respectively.

Report on the rear design of high efficiency IBC-SHJ solar cells

Report on the rear design of high efficiency IBC-SHJ solar cells, including novel contact stacks, their patterning on both structured and flattened back side, reflector structures and other innovative approaches used in the NextBase will be simulated in 1D – 3D simulations in AFORS-HET, ASA, Quokka and Sentau-rus tools.

Report on the energy yield of IBC-SHJ-based PV modules in both mono-and bi-facial configurations

Report on the yearly energy yield estima-tion of IBC-SHJ-based full-size PV modules in both mono-and bi-facial configurations incorporating optical model from T8.3 and module materials defined by WP7 as well as EU climate input.

Report on a pathway to reach the efficiencies defined in the project goals, and beyond

The NextBase targets world-record efficiencies > 26% at cell level and > 22% at module level. This report will summarize lessons learned during the above described WP8 studies as guidance for the final period of the project effort.

Project identity: website, templates, flyer with general project information for dissemination. Database for Dissemination

Report presenting the results on D2.1. This document is related to task T2.1.

Newsletter for project new developments and results after each year

Report presenting the results on D2.6. This document is related to task T2.2.

IBC-SHJ cells processing with a throughput >10 wafers/hour

Production of IBC SHJ precursors and cells.

IBC-SHJ device with efficiency ≥ 26.0% on 6-in wafer

This milestone aims at processing an IBC-SHJ device on a 6-in wafer, with an efficiency ≥ 26.0%, using the best processes and materials developed in WP4 and WP5. The achievement of this milestone will be certified by sending one or more devices to a certification laboratory for a calibrated I-V measurement (e.g. Fraunhofer ISE CalLab).

IBC devices with TMO based contact stacks with Voc>740 mV and FF>82%

In this deliverable we aim at the demonstration of high-efficiency solar cells, employing novel TMO based contact stacks, which are developed in task T4.2. The fabricated devices will be characterized by 1-sun I-V measurements. The success or failure of this deliverable will be determined by the measured electrical parameters.

IBC devices employing a-Si:H and c-Si:H based contact stacks with Voc>740 mV and FF>82%

The aim of this deliverable is the achievement of high-efficiency solar cell devices employing novel a-Si:H and uc-Si:H based contact stacks, which are developed in task T4.1. The devices will be characterized by 1-sun I-V measurements and the success, or failure, of this deliverable will be determined by the measured electrical parameters.

Publications

Interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cells featuring an interband tunnel junction enabling simplified processing

Auteurs: B. Paviet-Salomon, A. Tomasi, D. Lachenal, N. Badel, G. Christmann, L. Barraud, A. Descœudres, J. Geissbühler, A. Faes, Q. Jeangros, J.P. Seif, S. Nicolay, B. Strahm, S. De Wolf, C. Ballif, M. Despeisse
Publié dans: Solar Energy, 2018, ISSN 0038-092X
Éditeur: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.066

Sputtered Tungsten Oxide as Hole Contact for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Auteurs: Mathias Mews, Antoine Lemaire, Lars Korte
Publié dans: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Numéro 7/5, 2017, Page(s) 1209-1215, ISSN 2156-3381
Éditeur: IEEE Electron Devices Society
DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2714193

Aluminium metallisation for interdigitated back-contact silicon heterojunction solar cells

Auteurs: Johann-Christoph Stang, Jan Haschke, Mathias Mews, Agnes Merkle, Robby Peibst, Bernd Rech, Lars Korte
Publié dans: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Numéro 56/8S2, 2017, Page(s) 08MB22, ISSN 1347-4065
Éditeur: The Japan Society of Applied Physics
DOI: 10.7567/JJAP.56.08MB22

Ultra-thin nanocrystalline n-type silicon oxide front contact layers for rear-emitter silicon heterojunction solar cells

Auteurs: L. Mazzarella, A.B. Morales-Vilches, L. Korte, R. Schlatmann, B. Stannowski
Publié dans: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Numéro 179, 2018, Page(s) 386-391, ISSN 0927-0248
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.01.034

Electronic structure of indium-tungsten-oxide alloys and their energy band alignment at the heterojunction to crystalline silicon

Auteurs: Dorothee Menzel, Mathias Mews, Bernd Rech, Lars Korte
Publié dans: Applied Physics Letters, Numéro 112/1, 2018, Page(s) 011602, ISSN 0003-6951
Éditeur: American Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1063/1.5010278

Optimized Metallization for Interdigitated Back Contact Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Auteurs: Johann-Christoph Stang, Thijs Franssen, Jan Haschke, Mathias Mews, Agnes Merkle, Robby Peibst, Bernd Rech, Lars Korte
Publié dans: Solar RRL, Numéro 1/3-4, 2017, Page(s) 1700021, ISSN 2367-198X
Éditeur: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
DOI: 10.1002/solr.201700021

ITO-free metallization for interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cells

Auteurs: Johann-Christoph Stang, Max-Sebastian Hendrichs, Agnes Merkle, Robby Peibst, Bernd Stannowski, Lars Korte, Bernd Rech
Publié dans: Energy Procedia, Numéro 124, 2017, Page(s) 379-383, ISSN 1876-6102
Éditeur: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.253

Damage-free Ablation Process for Back-contacted Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Auteurs: Singh, A; Turan, B.; Haas, S.; Lambertz, A.; Ding, K.; Rau, U.
Publié dans: Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering, 2018, ISSN 1880-0688
Éditeur: Japan Laser Processing
DOI: 10.2961/jlmn.2018.03.0029

Poly-crystalline silicon-oxide films as carrier-selective passivating contacts for c-Si solar cells

Auteurs: Guangtao Yang, Peiqing Guo, Paul Procel, Arthur Weeber, Olindo Isabella, Miro Zeman
Publié dans: Applied Physics Letters, Numéro 112/19, 2018, Page(s) 193904, ISSN 0003-6951
Éditeur: American Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1063/1.5027547

Effective Passivation of Black Silicon Surfaces by Atomic Layer Deposition

Auteurs: Päivikki Repo, Antti Haarahiltunen, Lauri Sainiemi, Marko Yli-Koski, Heli Talvitie, Martin C. Schubert, Hele Savin
Publié dans: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Numéro 3/1, 2013, Page(s) 90-94, ISSN 2156-3381
Éditeur: IEEE Electron Devices Society
DOI: 10.1109/jphotov.2012.2210031

Numerical Simulations of IBC Solar Cells Based on Poly-Si Carrier-Selective Passivating Contacts

Auteurs: Paul Procel, Guangtao Yang, Olindo Isabella, Miro Zeman
Publié dans: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Numéro 9/2, 2019, Page(s) 374-384, ISSN 2156-3381
Éditeur: IEEE Electron Devices Society
DOI: 10.1109/jphotov.2019.2892527

Phosphorous Catalytic‐Doping of Silicon Alloys for the Use in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Auteurs: Yong Liu, Manuel Pomaska, Weiyuan Duan, Do Yun Kim, Malte Köhler, Uwe Breuer, Kaining Ding
Publié dans: Advanced Engineering Materials, 2019, Page(s) 1900613, ISSN 1438-1656
Éditeur: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
DOI: 10.1002/adem.201900613

Dry etch damage in n-type crystalline silicon wafers assessed by deep-level transient spectroscopy and minority carrier lifetime

Auteurs: Eddy Simoen, Hariharsudan Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan, Md. Gius Uddin, Ivan Gordon, Jef Poortmans, Chong Wang, Wei Li
Publié dans: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Numéro 36/4, 2018, Page(s) 041201, ISSN 2166-2754
Éditeur: AVS Science and Technology Society
DOI: 10.1116/1.5026529

A novel silicon heterojunction IBC process flow using partial etching of doped a‐Si:H to switch from hole contact to electron contact in situ with efficiencies close to 23%

Auteurs: Hariharsudan Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan, M.D. Gius Uddin, Menglei Xu, Jinyoun Cho, Moustafa Ghannam, Ivan Gordon, Jozef Szlufcik, Jef Poortmans
Publié dans: Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Numéro 27/11, 2018, Page(s) 959-970, ISSN 1062-7995
Éditeur: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
DOI: 10.1002/pip.3101

Low-Temperature $p$-Type Microcrystalline Silicon as Carrier Selective Contact for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Auteurs: Angela N. Fioretti, Mathieu Boccard, Raphael Monnard, Christophe Ballif
Publié dans: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Numéro 9/5, 2019, Page(s) 1158-1165, ISSN 2156-3381
Éditeur: IEEE Electron Devices Society
DOI: 10.1109/jphotov.2019.2917550

Low-temperature processes for passivation and metallization of high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells

Auteurs: A. Descoeudres, C. Allebé, N. Badel, L. Barraud, J. Champliaud, G. Christmann, F. Debrot, A. Faes, J. Geissbühler, J. Horzel, A. Lachowicz, J. Levrat, S. Martin de Nicolas, S. Nicolay, B. Paviet-Salomon, L.-L. Senaud, C. Ballif, M. Despeisse
Publié dans: Solar Energy, Numéro 175, 2018, Page(s) 54-59, ISSN 0038-092X
Éditeur: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.074

Simple emitter patterning of silicon heterojunction interdigitated back-contact solar cells using damage-free laser ablation

Auteurs: Menglei Xu, Twan Bearda, Miha Filipič, Hariharsudan Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan, Ivan Gordon, Jozef Szlufcik, Jef Poortmans
Publié dans: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Numéro 186, 2018, Page(s) 78-83, ISSN 0927-0248
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.06.027

Profilometry of thin films on rough substrates by Raman spectroscopy

Auteurs: Martin Ledinský, Bertrand Paviet-Salomon, Aliaksei Vetushka, Jonas Geissbühler, Andrea Tomasi, Matthieu Despeisse, Stefaan De Wolf , Christophe Ballif , Antonín Fejfar
Publié dans: Scientific Reports, Numéro 6/1, 2016, ISSN 2045-2322
Éditeur: Nature Publishing Group
DOI: 10.1038/srep37859

High-efficiency black IBC c-Si solar cells with poly-Si as carrier-selective passivating contacts

Auteurs: Guangtao Yang, Peiqing Guo, Paul Procel, Gianluca Limodio, Arthur Weeber, Olindo Isabella, Miro Zeman
Publié dans: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Numéro 186, 2018, Page(s) 9-13, ISSN 0927-0248
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.06.019

Laser Assisted Patterning of a-Si:H: Detailed Investigation of Laser Damage

Auteurs: Menglei Xu, Twan Bearda, Hariharsudan S. Radhakrishnan, Miha Filipič, Ivan Gordon, Maarten Debucquoy, Jozef Szlufcik, Jef Poortmans
Publié dans: physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Numéro 11/9, 2017, Page(s) 1700125, ISSN 1862-6254
Éditeur: Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & CO. KGaA
DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201700125

Optimization of tunnel-junction IBC solar cells based on a series resistance model

Auteurs: D. Lachenal, P. Papet, B. Legradic, R. Kramer, T. Kössler, L. Andreetta, N. Holm, W. Frammelsberger, D.L. Baetzner, B. Strahm, L.L. Senaud, J.W. Schüttauf, A. Descoeudres, G. Christmann, S. Nicolay, M. Despeisse, B. Paviet-Salomon, C. Ballif
Publié dans: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Numéro 200, 2019, Page(s) 110036, ISSN 0927-0248
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110036

Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide as Front Electrode for Rear Emitter Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with High Efficiency

Auteurs: Daniel Meza, Alexandros Cruz, Anna Morales-Vilches, Lars Korte, Bernd Stannowski
Publié dans: Applied Sciences, Numéro 9/5, 2019, Page(s) 862, ISSN 2076-3417
Éditeur: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app9050862

Aluminium-Doped Zinc Oxide Rear Reflectors for High-Efficiency Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Auteurs: Laurie-Lou Senaud, Gabriel Christmann, Antoine Descoeudres, Jonas Geissbuhler, Loris Barraud, Nicolas Badel, Christophe Allebe, Sylvain Nicolay, Matthieu Despeisse, Bertrand Paviet-Salomon, Christophe Ballif
Publié dans: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Numéro 9/5, 2019, Page(s) 1217-1224, ISSN 2156-3381
Éditeur: IEEE Electron Devices Society
DOI: 10.1109/jphotov.2019.2926860

Theoretical evaluation of contact stack for high efficiency IBC-SHJ solar cells

Auteurs: Paul Procel, Guangtao Yang, Olindo Isabella, Miro Zeman
Publié dans: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Numéro 186, 2018, Page(s) 66-77, ISSN 0927-0248
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.06.021

Exploring co-sputtering of ZnO:Al and SiO2 for efficient electron-selective contacts on silicon solar cells

Auteurs: Sihua Zhong, Monica Morales-Masis, Mathias Mews, Lars Korte, Quentin Jeangros, Weiliang Wu, Mathieu Boccard, Christophe Ballif
Publié dans: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Numéro 194, 2019, Page(s) 67-73, ISSN 0927-0248
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2019.02.005

Silicon oxide treatment to promote crystallinity of p-type microcrystalline layers for silicon heterojunction solar cells

Auteurs: Mathieu Boccard, Raphaël Monnard, Luca Antognini, Christophe Ballif
Publié dans: AIP Conference Proceedings volume 1999, 2018, Page(s) 040003
Éditeur: Author(s)
DOI: 10.1063/1.5049266

Nitride layer screening as carrier-selective contacts for silicon heterojunction solar cells

Auteurs: Angela N. Fioretti, Mathieu Boccard, Adele C. Tamboli, Andriy Zakutayev, Christophe Ballif
Publié dans: AIP Conference Proceedings volume 1999, 2018, Page(s) 040007
Éditeur: Author(s)
DOI: 10.1063/1.5049270

22% efficient dopant-free interdigitated back contact silicon solar cells

Auteurs: Weiliang Wu, Wenjie Lin, Sihua Zhong, Bertrand Paviet-Salomon, Matthieu Despeisse, Zongcun Liang, Mathieu Boccard, Hui Shen, Christophe Ballif
Publié dans: AIP Conference Proceedings volume 1999, 2018, Page(s) 040025
Éditeur: Author(s)
DOI: 10.1063/1.5049288

From Wafers to Modules to Mass Production: Solving All Bottlenecks in Silicon Heterojunction Technology

Auteurs: Ballif, Christofer; Bocard, Mathieu; Despeisse, Mathieu
Publié dans: EUPVSEC, Numéro 1, 2019, Page(s) 1
Éditeur: EUPVSEC

Direct contact plating - Inline plating solution for ZEBRA IBC by local contacting

Auteurs: Katharina Gensowski, Gisela Cimiotti, Jonas Eckert, Varun Arya, Juan Garcia la Roche, Julien Scheffelmeier, Bastien Decker, Giuseppe Galbiati, Dominik Rudolph, Sven Kluska
Publié dans: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY (ISGST2019), 2019, Page(s) 020011
Éditeur: AIP Publishing
DOI: 10.1063/1.5125876

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