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Holistic Approach of Spray Injection through a Generalized Multi-phase Framework

Deliverables

Development of compressing LES spray model

Compressible LES simulations representative of transonic Diesel liquid jets will be initially assessed.

DNS simulations on droplet cluster vaporisation

DNS will be used to analyse the chain impact of hydrocarbon fuel droplets on flat surfaces under conditions reflecting the range of Weber and capillary numbers realised in combustion engines. The frequency of impact and the film thickness forming on the surface will be considered as additional variables.

SGS for cavitation bubble-induced atomisation

The DNS data of ESR5 will be used for developing a SGS model for bubble-collapse induced atomisation.

Implementation of model to flows of cryogenic fluids

The model will be further modified in order to include all the needed properties of such cryogenic fluids. Simulations will be performed and validated against DLR’s experimental data

DNS for non-evaporating droplet clusters

The dynamics of droplet clusters consisting from pre-defined arrangements of spherical droplets and non-spherical droplets and ligaments will be simulated using DNS. Simulations will be performed for a range of clusters having as variables the number of droplets, their proximity and shape.

mCT measurements in cavitating orifice

Cavitation volume fraction on the same nozzle using mCT. The simulation projects will be using the validated computational in-nozzle flow model for predicting realistic conditions of liquid, gas and vapour compositions realised during the transient operation of injectors.

Experimental SGS model for Diesel atomisation

Measurements for different cavitating nozzles will be utilised and a cavitation-induced diesel-atomisation SGS model suitable for implementation to LES models will be developed.

High speed imaging in cavitating orifice

3D high speed imaging of the cavitation cloud development inside a cavitating orifice.

Validation for DNS model of airblast atomisation

A previously developed DNS method will be validated and used for predicting the primary breakup of the liquid jet atomization

SGS model for droplet cluster vaporisation

Simulations of cases providing statistically adequate number of data will be performed for developing a relevant SGS model describing the macroscopic impingement outcome in a form suitable for implementation the LES model.

Near nozzle shape, size and velocity of droplets

A production Diesel injector modified to incorporate a transparent nozzle will be tested. Injection conditions will be adjusted to perform high frequency imaging using ultra-short light pulses. Ballistic imaging data for the liquid core breakup near the nozzle hole exit and their velocities using Laser Correlation Velocimetry will be obtained; mean and standard deviation values will be reported.

LES-SGS model development utilising ODT results

Model validation against measurements from the literature on Diesel sprays, as well as those to be obtained from ESR3.

Nuclei population/gas content on volume fraction in cavitating orifices

Cavitation measurements for different fuels, nuclei and dissolved gases of interest to Delphi Diesel FIE.

Experimental SGS model of bubble atomisation

The ballistic imaging technique will be utilised in order to develop a SGS model for the liquid breakup.

Nozzle burner simulations

Simulation of flow inside nozzles utilised with oil burners in order to obtain boundary conditions for the subsequent spray simulations

LES model development

Comparison of their performance to the existing ones for operating conditions relevant to aero-engines.

Model validation against WP2/WP3 data

The developed model will be compared against the LES of ESR11 for Diesel sprays.

SGS for predicting the in nozzle phase change and its effect on atomisation

The SGS model of ESR6 that considers as variables the nucleation and subsequent bubble growth for cryogenic fluids will be implemented into the common LES Σ-Υ/PDF model. Following, predictions of flash-boiling related phenomena will be implemented on the aforementioned SGS model

DNS simulations for statistically significant cases

Simulation of parametric cases for providing adequate data required for the derivation of a relevant SGS model.

Development of a joint processes PDF/SGS model

implementation of the PDF-LES approach that considers all flow processes in the compressible context of OpenFOAM. This will also include to the framework SGS models for ligament detachment and droplet break up and collision from ESR8 and ESR9.

Investigations relevant to Diesel injectors

Experimental results for flow conditions relevant to Delphi Diesel injectors will be also considered.

Development of Σ-Υ/LES spray model

The model of [56] accounting for the liquid-gas flow at the exit of the injector and predicting the liquid volume fraction and surface area will be validated against the experimental data of ESR2 and ESR3.

Develop ODT model for turbulence-spray interaction

Existing one dimensional turbulence (ODT) SGS models will be modified to capture turbulence effect on gas-liquid interfaces which will consider the experimental results of ESR1 and will be implemented to OpenFOAM PDF-LES approach of ESR11

Bubble-induced atomisation measurements

Characterisation of liquid breakup in the near nozzle region of a jet in which well-defined bubbles are introduced. The size, location and number of bubbles will be controlled via hypodermic needles. Reynolds and Weber numbers will be controlled independently by using different fluids. Nozzle flow rate will be kept at nominal steady-state conditions in an effort to minimise or eliminate the influence of pressure and flow rate variations on atomisation.

Validation of MOF approach

The moment of fluid (MOF) method will be developed in the in-house code ARCHER (CLSVOF) as the interface reconstruction in MOF method is carried out with second order accuracy. Comparison of results from the simulations that uses MOF and/or CLSVOF methods will be used as validation

DNS validation of bubble collapse atomisation

DNS validation for the fragmentation of a liquid jet injected from an orifice-type nozzle induced from the collapse of individual cavitation or gas bubbles or streams of bubbles present in the liquid. Experimental data to be used are those reported in [143] as well as those to be obtained by ESR2.

LES spray simulation and validation in oil combustors

LES of spray development in oil burners.

SGS model for droplet cluster dynamics

A SGS model suitable for implementation to the holistic LES model will be proposed for Weber and Reynolds numbers referring to conditions representative of the industrial applications considered in this proposal.

Transient effects during sac volume filling

Simulation results considering bubble structures present inside Diesel injectors during the sac volume filling process.

Measurements for needle opening/closing events

Experimental results for transient needle valve effects of interest to Delphi Diesel injectors.

Website

Project website is developed and made public.

Publications

Subgrid Liquid Flux and interface modelling for LES of Atomization

Author(s): Aqeel Ahmed, Javier Anez, Stefano Puggelli, Julien Reveillon, Jorge César Brändle de Motta, François-Xavier Demoulin
Published in: Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2017, ISBN 9788-490485804
Publisher: Universitat Politècnica València
DOI: 10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4694

Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic breakup of diesel droplets under various gas pressures

Author(s): Dionisis Stefanitsis, Ilias Malgarinos, George Strotos, Nikolaos Nikolopoulos, Emmanouil Kakaras, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2017, ISBN 9788-490485804
Publisher: Universitat Politècnica València
DOI: 10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4690

Detailed simulation of air-assisted spray atomization: effect of numerical scheme at intermediate Weber number

Author(s): Giovanni Tretola, Konstantina Vogiatzaki, Salvador Navarro-Martinez
Published in: Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2017, ISBN 9788-490485804
Publisher: Universitat Politècnica València
DOI: 10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4712

Numerical investigation of the role of heat transfer in bubble dynamics

Author(s): Stavros Rafail Fostiropoulos, Ilias Malgarinos, George Strotos, Nikolaos Nikolopoulos, Emmanouil Kakaras, Phoevos Koukouvinis, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2017, ISBN 9788-490485804
Publisher: Universitat Politècnica València
DOI: 10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4691

Numerical study of interface reconstruction method in under-resolved regions of the flow for liquid jet primary breakup

Author(s): Asuri Mukundan , Anirudh; Menard , T.; Berlemont , A.; Brändle De Motta , Jorge César
Published in: ICLASS, 14th Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Issue 1, 2018
Publisher: ICLASS

Evidence of vortex driven primary breakup in high pressure fuel injection

Author(s): Junmei Shi, Pablo Aguado Lopez, Eduardo Gomez Santos, Noureddine Guerrassi, Gavin Dober, Wolfgang Bauer, Ming-Chia Lai, Jin Wang
Published in: Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2017, ISBN 9788-490485804
Publisher: Universitat Politècnica València
DOI: 10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.5707

Break-up induced by the collapse of laser-generated cavitation bubbles in a liquid jet

Author(s): Jiayi Zhou; Matts Andersson
Published in: ICLASS, 14th Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2018
Publisher: ICLASS

Interface reconstruction method for multiphase flows in under-resolved regions

Author(s): Anirudh Asuri Mukundan; Thibaut Ménard; Alain Berlemont; Jorge César Brändle de Motta;
Published in: Proceedings 10th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICCFD10), 2018
Publisher: 10th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICCFD10)

Entropy-based cavitation and primary atomization analysis with a 2D transparent injector

Author(s): Jean-Bernard Blaisot; Fakhry Abuzahra; Akira Sou; Christophe Dumouchel;
Published in: Proceedings ILASS2019, ILASS–Europe 2019, 29th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems,, 2019
Publisher: ILASS2019

A comparative study of DNS of airblast atomization using CLSMOF and CLSVOF methods

Author(s): Asuri Mukundan, Anirudh; Ménard, Thibaut; BERLEMONT, Alain; Brändle De Motta, Jorge César,
Published in: Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2019, 29th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Issue 1, 2019
Publisher: ILASS2019

Coupled Level set moment of fluid method for simulating multiphase flows

Author(s): Asuri Mukundan, Anirudh; Ménard, Thibaut; BERLEMONT, Alain; Brändle De Motta, Jorge César,
Published in: Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2019, 29th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Issue 3, 2019
Publisher: ILASS2019

Numerical Simulations of the Shockwave Induced Collapse of Bubbles Near Surfaces

Author(s): N. Bempedelis; Y. Ventikos;
Published in: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV2018), 2018, Page(s) 819-822, ISBN 9780-791861851
Publisher: ASME Press
DOI: 10.1115/1.861851_ch156

DNS of multiple bubble growth and droplet formation in superheated liquids

Author(s): Loureiro, Daniel Dias; Reutzsch, Jonathan; Dietzel, Dirk; Kronenburg, Andreas; Weigand, Bernhard; Vogiatzaki, Konstantina
Published in: Proceedings 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray System, Issue 1, 2018
Publisher: ILASS
DOI: 10.18419/opus-10342

Validation and Analysis of primary atomization of turbulent liquid jet in crossflow simulations

Author(s): Asuri Mukundan, Anirudh; Ménard, Thibaut; Berlemont, A.; Brändle De Motta, Jorge César,; Herrmann, Marcus
Published in: Proceedings ILASS-Americas 30th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Issue 3, 2019
Publisher: ILASS

Resolving breakup in flash atomization conditions using DNS

Author(s): Loureiro, Daniel Dias; Reutzsch, Jonathan; Kronenburg, Andreas; Weigand, Bernhard; Vogiatzaki, Konstantina
Published in: Proceedings 10th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, Issue 1, 2019
Publisher: ICMF
DOI: 10.18419/opus-10488

An investigation of characteristics of airblast atomization using 3D DNS for altitude relight conditions

Author(s): Asuri Mukundan, Anirudh; Menard, Thibaut; BERLEMONT, Alain; Brändle De Motta, Jorge César
Published in: Proceedings 11th US National Combustion Meeting, Issue 1, 2019
Publisher: Combustion Institute

Numerical examination of the aerodynamic breakup of droplets in chain formation

Author(s): D. Stefanitsis, G. Strotos, N. Nikolopoulos, E. Kakaras, M. Gavaises
Published in: Proceedings 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2018
Publisher: ILASS

Numerical investigation of high-speed droplet impact using a multiscale two-fluid approach

Author(s): Georgia Nykteri, Phoevos Koukouvini, Silvestre Roberto Gonzalez Avila, Claus-Dieter Ohl, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2019, 29th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2019
Publisher: ILASS

A Compressible Σ-Υ Two-Fluid Atomization Model with Dynamic Interface Sharpening based on Flow Topology Detection

Author(s): G. Nykteri, P. koukouvinis, M. Gavaises
Published in: Proceedings 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2018
Publisher: ILASS

Modelling and prediction of cavitation erosion in Gasoline Direct injection injectors operated with E100 fuel using a Barotropic Equation of State

Author(s): Eduardo Gomez Santos, Junmei Shi, Wolfgang Bauer, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: Proceedings Fuel Systems Engines IMECHE, 2018
Publisher: IMECHE

High Pressure Diesel Spray development: the effect of nozzle geometry and flow vortex dynamics

Author(s): Junmei Shi1, Pablo Aguado Lopez, Eduardo Gomez Santos, Noureddine Guerrassi, Wolfgang Bauer, Ming-Chia Lai, Jin Wang
Published in: Proceedings 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems., 2018
Publisher: ILASS

Numerical study of stochastic particle dispersion using One-Dimensional-Turbulence

Author(s): Marco Fistler, David O. Lignell, Alan Kerstein, Michael Oevermann
Published in: Proceedings ILASS-Americas 29th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2017
Publisher: ILASS

Numerical studies of turbulent particle-laden jets using spatial approach of one-dimensional turbulence

Author(s): Marco Fistler, David O. Lignell, Alan Kerstein, Michael Oevermann
Published in: Proceedings ILASS2017. 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2017
Publisher: ILASS

Modelling of Liquid Oxygen Two-Phase Flow Expansion at Sub- and Supercritical Pressure Conditions

Author(s): Theodoros Lyras, Ioannis K. Karathanassis, Phoevos Koukouvinis, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2019, 29th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2019
Publisher: ILASS

Internal Flow Characteristics of Internally Mixing Twin-Fluid ‘Y’ Type Atomizer

Author(s): Y. H. Nazeer, M. Ehmann, M. Agraniotis, F. Koukouvinis, M. Gavaises
Published in: Proceedings 14th Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray System, 2018
Publisher: ILASS

A new LES subgrid-scale approach for turbulence modulation by droplets

Author(s): Marco Fistler, Alan Kerstein, Michael Oevermann
Published in: Proceedings Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2018
Publisher: ILASS

Validation and Analysis of 3D DNS of planar pre-filming airblast atomization simulations

Author(s): A. Asuri Mukundan, T. Menard, A. Berlemont, J. C. Brandle de Motta, R. Eggels
Published in: ILASS-Americas 30th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems,, 2019
Publisher: ILASS-Americas

Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic breakup of Diesel and heavy fuel oil droplets

Author(s): Dionisis Stefanitsis, Ilias Malgarinos, George Strotos, Nikolaos Nikolopoulos, Emmanouil Kakaras, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Issue 68, 2017, Page(s) 203-215, ISSN 0142-727X
Publisher: Institution of Mechanical Engineering Publications
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2017.10.012

Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic breakup of droplets in tandem

Author(s): Dionisis Stefanitsis, Ilias Malgarinos, George Strotos, Nikolaos Nikolopoulos, Emmanouil Kakaras, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Issue 113, 2019, Page(s) 289-303, ISSN 0301-9322
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.10.015

Large Eddy Simulation as an Effective Tool for GDI Nozzle Development

Author(s): Junmei Shi, Eduardo Gomez Santos, Guy Hoffmann, Gavin Dober
Published in: MTZ worldwide, Issue 79/10, 2018, Page(s) 58-63, ISSN 2192-9114
Publisher: Springer Professional
DOI: 10.1007/s38313-018-0089-2

Investigation of cavitation and air entrainment during pilot injection in real-size multi-hole diesel nozzles

Author(s): Eduardo Gomez Santos, Junmei Shi, Manolis Gavaises, Celia Soteriou, Mark Winterbourn, Wolfgang Bauer
Published in: Fuel, 2019, Page(s) 116746, ISSN 0016-2361
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116746

THE INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRICAL AND OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS ON INTERNAL FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNALLY MIXING TWIN-FLUID Y-JET ATOMIZERS

Author(s): Yasir Hayat Nazeer, M. Ehmann, P. Koukouvinis, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: Atomization and Sprays, Issue 29/5, 2019, Page(s) 403-428, ISSN 1044-5110
Publisher: Begell House
DOI: 10.1615/atomizspr.2019030944

Eulerian–Lagrangian spray atomization model coupled with interface capturing method for diesel injectors

Author(s): J. Anez, A. Ahmed, N. Hecht, B. Duret, J. Reveillon, F.X. Demoulin
Published in: International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Issue 113, 2019, Page(s) 325-342, ISSN 0301-9322
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.10.009

Analysis of a textural atomization process

Author(s): Christophe Dumouchel, Jean-Bernard Blaisot, Fakhry Abuzahra, Akira Sou, Gilles Godard, Said Idlahcen
Published in: Experiments in Fluids, Issue 60/8, 2019, ISSN 0723-4864
Publisher: Springer Verlag
DOI: 10.1007/s00348-019-2780-8

Improved droplet breakup models for spray applications

Author(s): Dionisis Stefanitsis, George Strotos, Nikolaos Nikolopoulos, Emmanouil Kakaras, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Issue 76, 2019, Page(s) 274-286, ISSN 0142-727X
Publisher: Institution of Mechanical Engineering Publications
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.02.010

An investigation on the impact of small-scale models in gasoline direct injection sprays (ECN Spray G)

Author(s): Salvador Navarro-Martinez, Giovanni Tretola, Mohammad Reza Yosri, Robert L Gordon, Konstantina Vogiatzaki
Published in: International Journal of Engine Research, 2019, Page(s) 146808741988944, ISSN 1468-0874
Publisher: Professional Enjineering Publishing Ltd.
DOI: 10.1177/1468087419889449

A 3D Moment of Fluid method for simulating complex turbulent multiphase flows

Author(s): Anirudh Asuri Mukundan, Thibaut Ménard, Jorge César Brändle de Motta, Alain Berlemont
Published in: Computers & Fluids, Issue 198, 2020, Page(s) 104364, ISSN 0045-7930
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2019.104364

Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic breakup of a parallel moving droplet cluster

Author(s): Dionisis Stefanitsis, George Strotos, Nikolaos Nikolopoulos, Manolis Gavaises
Published in: International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Issue 121, 2019, Page(s) 103123, ISSN 0301-9322
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2019.103123

A simplified approach for simulations of multidimensional compressible multicomponent flows: the grid-aligned ghost fluid method

Author(s): Nikolaos Bempedelis, Yiannis Ventikos
Published in: Journal of Computational Physics, 2019, Page(s) 109129, ISSN 0021-9991
Publisher: Academic Press
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2019.109129

LES of atomization and cavitation for fuel injectors

Author(s): Aqeel Ahmend
Published in: 2019
Publisher: Normandie Universite

Experimental investigation of textural atomization processes : application to cavitating flows

Author(s): Fakhry Abuzahra
Published in: 2019
Publisher: Normandie Universite

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