Description du projet
Des modèles d’orientation avancés pourraient nous aider à naviguer avec une précision inédite à l’échelle subcentimétrique
L’utilisation de la rotation de la Terre aux fins du chronométrage et de la navigation a été remplacée par des technologies plus avancées, telles que les horloges atomiques et le GPS, qui offrent une plus grande précision. Le GPS repose sur deux cadres de référence: le terrestre, qui est fixe par rapport à la Terre, et le céleste, qui est immobile dans l’espace. Cependant, la redistribution des masses et l’attraction gravitationnelle exercée par le Soleil et la Lune peuvent donner lieu à des irrégularités dans la rotation et l’orientation de la Terre. Les géodésiens et les géophysiciens utilisent des observations pour mesurer ces changements ainsi que des techniques telles que la précession et la nutation pour améliorer les modèles d’orientation de la Terre. Le projet RotaNut, financé par le CER, fera passer les modèles d’orientation de la Terre à l’échelle subcentimétrique en identifiant des paramètres physiques supplémentaires de l’intérieur de notre planète et des mécanismes de couplage aux limites du noyau liquide.
Objectif
The rotation of the Earth has long been used as a measure of time, and the stars as reference points to determine travellers’ whereabouts on the globe. Today, precise timescales are provided using atomic clocks and precise positioning is determined using geodetic techniques such as GPS grounded on two reference frames: the terrestrial frame, fixed relative to the Earth and rotating synchronously with the planet, and the celestial frame, which is immobile in space, where the artificial satellites such as those of GPS are moving. The relationship between these frames is complicated by the fact that the rotation and orientation of the Earth is subject to irregularities induced by global mass redistributions with time and external forcing such as the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon. With the advance of observation precision, the causes of Earth orientation changes are progressively being identified by geodesists and geophysicists. The term ‘precession’ describes the long-term trend of the orientation of the axis of spin, while ‘nutation’ is the name given to shorter-term periodic variations, which are the prime focus of the present project. The rotation axis of the Earth is moving in space at the level of 1.5km/year due to precession and has periodic variations at the level of 600 meters as seen from space in a plane tangent to the pole. The present observations allow scientists to measure these at the sub-centimetre level enabling them to identify further physics of the Earth’s interior to be taken into account in the Earth orientation models such as the coupling mechanisms at the boundary between the liquid core and the viscoelastic mantle, as well as many other factors (sometimes not yet definitely identified). The proposed research will address many of these and will result in the development of improved global orientation of the Earth with an unprecedented accuracy - at the sub-centimetre level.
Champ scientifique
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesastronomyobservational astronomyradio astronomy
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesastronomyplanetary sciencesplanets
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesastronomyplanetary sciencesnatural satellites
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesgeophysics
- natural sciencesmathematicspure mathematicsmathematical analysisdifferential equationspartial differential equations
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-ADG - Advanced GrantInstitution d’accueil
1180 Bruxelles / Brussel
Belgique