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Mobile Robots with Novel Environmental Sensors for Inspection of Disaster Sites with Low Visibility

Deliverables

Software Toolkit - Thermal Stereo Vision

This deliverable is a software package with algorithms designed for stereo thermal vision.

Software Toolkit - Algorithms for sensor planning

This toolkit will contain different algorithms implementing strategies for covering / fast exploration of the operation area to maximize information gain.

Software Toolkit - Indoor Surface Temperature Mapping

The Software Toolkit will include reconstruction of surface temperature for areas of interest for the operator. The Toolkit will be able to extend the structural information, provided from WP1, with mapped temperature and face thermal-radial disturbances, which are investigated in T3.1.

Software Toolkit - SLAM Toolkit for the navigation sensors

This deliverable is a software toolkit for Simulteanous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) for mobile robots based on the sensing capabilities developed in WP1, the inclusion of Sketch Maps (WP6) and possibly additional input from gas sensors (WP2) and thermal imaging (WP3).

Software Toolkit - Hazard prediction based on multi-modal perception

Software Toolkit that supports humans in fast and reliable situation analysis. This will include algorithms for the complex interpretation of sensor sources in order to detect and predict hazards.

Software toolkit for visualization of GDIM information and operator guidance

Software toolkit for visualizing robot knowledge (General Disaster Information Model) in different ways (recommendation system for operators) and methods for manipulating this knowledge.

Software Toolkit - Navigation algorithms for hazardous environments

This software kit will contain safe path navigation algorithms for robotic platforms that not only takes into account the obstacle situation, but the threat level of hazards.

Software Toolkit - Navigation Sensor Fusion Algorithm

The toolkit will include new methods to fuse information from visible light based sensors and radar (3D LIDAR data and measurements from T1.1, T1.2 and T1.3) in order to navigate robustly through environments that exceed controlled laboratory conditions.

Gas Detection and Identification

Report describing the integration of the gas detection and identification algorithm, and of a preliminary version of the sensor positioning algorithm, mainly oriented at gas detection, plus the record of related publications.

Technical Description for Correction of Radiation Disturbances

The report includes theory and experiments for evaluation of radial disturbances, like misinterpretation of heat radiation from reflection and transmission as well as errors caused by hot smoke and gases. The obtained information will be the base for the sensor planning in T5.1.

Technical specifications for bandwidth supervision and data transfer adaption

In this report a bandwidth analysis of the technical system will be presented, to be able to detect limited transmission rates and adapt consequently the resolution for main streams like maps, video etc. Reduction of bandwidth usage is considering the ‘General Disaster Information Model’ from T4.1.

Sketch Maps

SLAM system capable of using rough prior map information as input. Report on methods and evaluation how much the system can benefit from rough prior map input (by constructing visibly more accurate maps compared to when using its sensors alone). Also a report on the ability to correct the input sketch map.

Characterisation of response of HBW sensor to target gases and with interferences

Deliverable 2.2 is a written report describing the measured response of both MOX gas sensors and polymer VOC sensors to the target analytes and any interfering gases in a controlled laboratory environment. In particular, the recorded response of the sensors, and their stability, sensitivity and selectivity at different temperatures and humidities.

Characterisation of response of high-bandwidth chemical sensor to pulses and plumes of gas in a wind tunnel

Deliverable 2.3 is a written report describing the measured response of both the MOX gas sensors and the polymer VOC sensors to short pulses of the target analytes and any interfering gases in a small wind tunnel. In particular, the duration and length of the odour pulses will be studied and the response of the sensors at different wind speeds and distances.

Evaluation of the low visibility explorer robot prototype in realistic scenarios

The robot will be deployed in multiple live-fire training scenarios together with the firefighter partners. The outcome will be documented in a report.

Mechanical pivoting Radar

The MPR will be available as an implemented and completed system and provided to the partners LUH and ORE for their respective research and development on the robotic platform in month 11. Therefore, the deliverable describes all relevant technical aspects regarding the mechanical pivoting Radar approach including specifications, evaluation and characterization of the hardware and of the image formation algorithm for the sectorial image generation.

Hazard Maps

Report on hazard maps, including algorithms and methods to create them and the evaluation based on artificial scenarios.

Initial requirement analysis and use case definition

Tasks, requirements and use cases for evaluating robot operations in disaster scenarios will be derived in a workshop with potential end-users (fire brigades and other first responders) at the start of the project.

Technical specifications for return procedures after communication loss

Report describing possible recovery behaviors after communication loss with the help of information from GDIM and the hazard map. There will be specifications for both a system assisting the operator and working autonomously.

Fabricated sensor and interface circuitry for integration of high-bandwidth chemical sensor on robot platform

Deliverable 2.3 is hardware that comprises of HBW MOX gas sensor and Polymer VOC sensors together with associated drive and interface circuitry on a small surface mount PCB that can be deployed within a mobile robot.

Signal processing algorithms for high-bandwidth chemical sensors

Deliverable 2.5 is a written report that defines the optimal signal processing algorithms that are used to extract the critical features from the responses of the MOX gas and Polymer VOC HBW sensors. These algorithms extract key features that remove the baseline drift and time dependence of the sensors signals. They are used to predict the gas and VOC concentration levels and these values are then stored by the mobile robot or used for tracking purposes. The signal processing algorithms can also be supplied as software in the form of computer code, e.g. C, if required.

Gas Distribution and Airflow Mapping

Report describing integration of gas distribution and airflow mapping and experimental validation.

Technical specifications for multi-layered information storage model

Report describing technical specifications for a general disaster information model. The model will be based on space- and time-variant, multi-layered information storage.

Gas Source Localization

Gas source localization algorithm, based on features extracted by the gas distribution map will be presented in this deliverable.

Second iteration of the requirement analysis and use case definition

A second workshop with end-users will be held two years after project start to iterate on the requirements and use cases under light of the project developments so far.

Publications

Scanning Techniques with Low Bandwidth Radar for Robotic Mapping and Localization

Author(s): Paul Fritsche, Bernardo Wagner
Published in: Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics 12th International Conference, ICINCO 2015 Colmar, France, July 21-23, 2015 Revised Selected Papers, 2016, Page(s) 321-335, ISBN 978-3-319-31896-7
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31898-1_18

Temperature Correction and Reflection Removal in Thermal Images using 3D Temperature Mapping

Author(s): Björn Zeise and Bernardo Wagner
Published in: 13th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO), 2016, 2016
Publisher: ICINCO

New Perception Approaches for Mobile Robots in Low Visibility Environments

Author(s): Paul Fritsche, Bjorn Zeise, Patrick Hemme and Bernardo Wagner
Published in: Proceedings of DGR Days, 2016, 2016
Publisher: DGR Days 2016

Using sketch-maps for robot navigation: Interpretation and matching

Author(s): Malcolm Mielle, Martin Magnusson, Achim J. Lilienthal
Published in: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR), 2016, Page(s) 252-257, ISBN 978-1-5090-4349-1
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/SSRR.2016.7784307

Unsupervised gas discrimination in uncontrolled environments by exploiting density peaks

Author(s): Han Fan, Victor Hernandez Bennetts, Erik Schaffernicht, Achim J. Lilienthal
Published in: 2016 IEEE SENSORS, 2016, Page(s) 1-3, ISBN 978-1-4799-8287-5
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2016.7808903

Multi-sensor module for a mobile robot operating in harsh environments

Author(s): Guangfen Wei, Julian W. Gardner, Marina Cole, Yuxin Xing
Published in: 2016 IEEE SENSORS, 2016, Page(s) 1-3, ISBN 978-1-4799-8287-5
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2016.7808970

Radar and LiDAR Sensorfusion in Low Visibility Environments

Author(s): Fritsche P., Kueppers S., Briese G. and Wagner B.
Published in: 13th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, 2016, 2016, ISBN 978-989-758-198-4
Publisher: ICINCO

A fully differential 100 – 140 GHz frequency quadrupler in a 130 nm SiGe:C technology for MIMO radar applications using the bootstrapped Gilbert-Cell doubler topology

Author(s): Simon Kueppers, Klaus Aufinger, Nils Pohl
Published in: 2017 IEEE 17th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF), 2017, Page(s) 37-39, ISBN 978-1-5090-5237-0
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/SIRF.2017.7874364

Focusing patterns within far and near field for a novel 2D sparse MIMO array

Author(s): Harun Cetinkaya, Simon Kueppers, Reinhold Herschel, Nils Pohl
Published in: 2017 47th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2017, Page(s) 132-135, ISBN 978-2-87487-047-7
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/EuMC.2017.8230817

Exploration and localization of a gas source with MOX gas sensors on a mobile robot — A Gaussian regression bout amplitude approach

Author(s): Mikel Vuka, Erik Schaffernicht, Michael Schmuker, Victor Hernandez Bennetts, Francesco Amigoni, Achim J. Lilienthal
Published in: 2017 ISOCS/IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN), 2017, Page(s) 1-3, ISBN 978-1-5090-2392-9
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/ISOEN.2017.7968898

Fusion of radar, LiDAR and thermal information for hazard detection in low visibility environments

Author(s): Paul Fritsche, Bjorn Zeise, Patrick Hemme, Bernardo Wagner
Published in: 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security and Rescue Robotics (SSRR), 2017, Page(s) 96-101, ISBN 978-1-5386-3923-8
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/SSRR.2017.8088146

A Compact 120 GHz SiGe:C Based 2x8 FMCW MIMO Radar Sensor for Robot Navigation in Low Visibility Environments for MIMO Radar Applications using the Bootstrapped Gilbert-Cell Doubler Topology

Author(s): S. Kueppers, H. Cetinkaya, and N. Pohl
Published in: 4th European Radar Conference (EuRAD), 2017, 2017
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/EURAD.2017.8249162

Tempered point clouds and octomaps: A step towards true 3D temperature measurement in unknown environments

Author(s): Bjorn Zeise, Bernardo Wagner
Published in: 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security and Rescue Robotics (SSRR), 2017, Page(s) 88-95, ISBN 978-1-5386-3923-8
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/SSRR.2017.8088145

Mobile robot multi-sensor unit for unsupervised gas discrimination in uncontrolled environments

Author(s): Yuxin Xing, Timothy A. Vincent, Marina Cole, Julian W. Gardner, Han Fan, Victor Hernandez Bennetts, Erik Schaffernicht, Achim J. Lilienthal
Published in: 2017 IEEE SENSORS, 2017, Page(s) 1-3, ISBN 978-1-5090-1012-7
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2017.8234440

Near and far field focusing patterns for a 2D sparse MIMO array

Author(s): Harun Cetinkaya, Simon Kueppers, Reinhold Herschel, Nils Pohl
Published in: 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2017, Page(s) 461-464, ISBN 978-8-8907-0187-0
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/EuCAP.2017.7928367

Comparison of Two Radar-based Scanning-techniques for the Use in Robotic Mapping

Author(s): Paul Fritsche, Bernardo Wagner
Published in: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, 2015, Page(s) 365-372, ISBN 978-989-758-122-9
Publisher: SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications
DOI: 10.5220/0005524303650372

Comparison of near and far field focusing patterns for two-dimensional sparse MIMO arrays

Author(s): Harun Cetinkaya, Simon Kueppers, Reinhold Herschel, Nils Pohl
Published in: 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2016, Page(s) 1-4, ISBN 978-8-8907-0186-3
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481127

Millimeter wave radar for high resolution 3D near field imaging for robotics and security scans

Author(s): Sandra Nowok, Simon Kueppers, Harun Cetinkaya, Martin Schroeder, Reinhold Herschel
Published in: 2017 18th International Radar Symposium (IRS), 2017, Page(s) 1-10, ISBN 978-3-7369-9343-3
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2017.8008132

Plasmonic enhanced CMOS non-dispersive infrared gas sensor for acetone and ammonia detection

Author(s): Yuxin Xing, Barbara Urasinska-Wojcik, Julian W. Gardner
Published in: 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2018, Page(s) 1-5, ISBN 978-1-5386-2222-3
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409745

Advances in compact integrated multichannel millimeter wave radar systems using SiGe BiCMOS technology (Focused session on highly-integrated millimeter-wave radar sensors in SiGe BiCMOS technologies)

Author(s): Simon Kueppers, Reinhold Herschel, Nils Pohl
Published in: 2018 22nd International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON), 2018, Page(s) 330-333, ISBN 978-83-949421-1-3
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.23919/MIKON.2018.8405217

Investigation of response of high-bandwidth MOX sensors to gas plumes for application on a mobile robot in hazardous environments

Author(s): T.A. Vincent, Y. Xing, M. Cole, and J.W. Gardner.
Published in: 2018
Publisher: Sensors and Actuators B

Thermal modulation of a high-bandwidth gas sensor array in real-time for application on a mobile robot

Author(s): T.A. Vincent, Y. Xing, M. Cole, and J.W. Gardner.
Published in: Eurosensors 2018 conference, 2018
Publisher: MDPI, Eurosensors

Imaging Characteristics of a Highly Integrated Millimeter Wave MIMO Radar

Author(s): Simon Kueppers, Siying Wang, Harun Cetinkaya, Reinhold Herschel, and Nils Pohl.
Published in: 19th International Radar Symposium IRS 2018, 2018
Publisher: IRS

Improving the interpretation of thermal images with the aid of emissivity's angular dependency

Author(s): Bjorn Zeise, Sebastian P. Kleinschmidt, Bernardo Wagner
Published in: 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR), 2015, Page(s) 1-8, ISBN 978-1-5090-1959-5
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/SSRR.2015.7442950

Probabilistic Air Flow Modelling Using Turbulent and Laminar Characteristics for Ground and Aerial Robots

Author(s): Victor Hernandez Bennetts, Tomasz Piotr Kucner, Erik Schaffernicht, Patrick P. Neumann, Han Fan, Achim J. Lilienthal
Published in: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Issue 2/2, 2017, Page(s) 1117-1123, ISSN 2377-3766
Publisher: IEEE Journals Magazines
DOI: 10.1109/LRA.2017.2661803

Enabling Flow Awareness for Mobile Robots in Partially Observable Environments

Author(s): Tomasz Piotr Kucner, Martin Magnusson, Erik Schaffernicht, Victor Hernandez Bennetts, Achim J. Lilienthal
Published in: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Issue 2/2, 2017, Page(s) 1093-1100, ISSN 2377-3766
Publisher: IEEE Journals & Magazines
DOI: 10.1109/LRA.2017.2660060

High Bandwidth Sensor Module for Mobile Robot Applications-Wind Tunnel Characterization

Author(s): Timothy A. Vincent, Yuxin Xing, Marina Cole, Julian W. Gardner
Published in: Proceedings, Issue 1/4, 2017, Page(s) 421, ISSN 2504-3900
Publisher: Eurosensors Conference, 2017
DOI: 10.3390/proceedings1040421

A cluster analysis approach based on exploiting density peaks for gas discrimination with electronic noses in open environments

Author(s): Han Fan, Victor Hernandez Bennetts, Erik Schaffernicht, Achim J. Lilienthal
Published in: Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Issue 259, 2018, Page(s) 183-203, ISSN 0925-4005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.10.063

Fusing LiDAR and Radar Data to Perform SLAM in Harsh Environments, In: Madani K., Peaucelle D., Gusikhin O. (eds) Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics.

Author(s): Paul Fritsche, Simon Kueppers, Gunnar Briese, Bernardo Wagner
Published in: Electrical Engineering, Issue 430, 2018, Page(s) 175-189
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55011-4_9

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