Description du projet
Microbiote du lait maternel et santé du nourrisson
Les microbes du lait maternel représentent la principale source postnatale de microbes pour le nouveau-né et peuvent réduire le risque de maladies non transmissibles, y compris l’obésité, les allergies et les conditions inflammatoires, qui sont également associées à des altérations microbiennes. Cependant, les connaissances sur les facteurs qui déterminent la composition du lait maternel et son impact sur la santé des nourrissons sont limitées. Le projet MAMI, financé par le CER, étudiera l’influence de l’hôte et des facteurs environnementaux sur le microbiote maternel, explorera les interactions entre les composés bioactifs dans le lait maternel et comprendra leur rôle dans la santé du nourrisson. Le projet MAMI sera axé sur l’identification des principaux organismes microbiens et des composés bioactifs transférés par l’allaitement, afin d’élucider la manière dont les microbes maternels affectent le système immunitaire de l’enfant. Il aura également pour objectif d’identifier de nouvelles stratégies et thérapies alimentaires qui impliquent le remplacement et la modulation microbiens.
Objectif
Recent reports suggest that early microbial colonization has an important role for in promoting health. This may contribute to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, allergies and inflammatory conditions. Advances in understanding host-microbe interactions imply that maternal microbiota plays a crucial role on health programming. This process begins in utero and it is modulated by mode of delivery and diet. My research has shown that i) specific shifts in milk microbial composition are associated with lactation time and mode of delivery, ii) milk microbes drive the infant microbiota composition; iii) maternal microbiota dysbiosis may be transferred to the infant. However, factors defining maternal microbiota and its biological role upon infant’s health are not yet fully understood. Hence, this project aims to characterize maternal microbes to be transferred to neonates and determine their function in infant health programming. The specific aims are:(1) understanding how the maternal microbiome is influenced by host and environmental factors;(2) characterizing the microbial core and bioactive compounds transmitted to the offspring mainly via breastfeeding and their key roles in the microbial modulation and host response;(3) understanding the interactions among breast milk bioactive compounds and their role in infant health;(4) shedding light on how maternal microbes influence the infant immune system & (5)development of new dietary strategies and therapies based on microbial replacement and modulation. To achieve these objectives, a systems biology approach by means of state-of-the-art techniques and new methodologies based on subpopulation enrichment by flow cytometer-sorter to study host–microbe interactions will be used. Results obtained will demonstrate the interaction between infant nutrition, microbes and host response in early life and its key role in health programming, enabling new applications in the field of personalized nutrition & medicine.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstitution d’accueil
28006 Madrid
Espagne