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Enabling sustainable AiR MObility in URrban contexts via emergency and medical services

Deliverables

Feedback and Summary report on capacity building activities

Feedback and Summary report on capacity building activities. This report will provide a feedback on the executed online courses, 2 master classes provided twice to 120 training participants to the online courses and 60 Masterclass participants and the establishment of an urban air mobility curriculum. It will include a summary report on the capacity building activities (Task 8.1).

eVTOL vehicle model integrated in simulator

Reports the eVTOL vehicle model integrated in simulator Relates to task 72

Evolvement of public and stakeholder acceptance and citizen engagement strategies

Evolvement of public and stakeholder acceptance (final version) and citizen engagement strategies. This deliverable will provide insights into relevant dimensions of acceptance and following the demonstration and simulation allow to understand more specifically the evolving public acceptance and attitudes following the introduction of EMS UAM services and to assure effective Citizens’ engagement in line with the SUMP principles (Task 4.1).

Description on the integration of UAM services in the SUMP processes and other relevant policies including co-modality

Description on the integration of UAM services in the Sustainable Mobility planning processes and other relevant policies including co-modality. Following an initial analysis of the different urban (e.g. SUMPS, Urban planning) and other urban (e.g. land, social) and national (e.g. Health) policies influenced by EMS UAM services and including a multidimensional map of public acceptance, stakeholder interests and citizen engagement strategies, this deliverable will describe how to effective integrate UAM in the Sustainable Urban Mobility planning processes and other relevant public policies (i.e. health, urban planning and integration with other transport modes) (relating to all tasks of WP4).

Overview legal environment EMS scenarios

Overview legal environment EMS scenarios. D3.1 Overview legal environment EMS scenarios. The deliverable is a preliminary “discrepancy/ gap” analysis that shows how well the current legal and regulatory framework supports and enables the EMS scenarios. Recommendations and possible mitigations will be made with objective to enable and facilitate the introduction of UAM in particular for the EMS scenarios. Relates to task 3.1

Report on the effects of interaction and integration with other EMS transportation modes

Report on the effects of interaction and integration with other EMS transportation modes covering issues like how UAM EMS services can augment or replace other modes of EMS transportation including the integration with established dispatcher112 services and what the requirements are for airspace integration including flight prioritisation From Task 24

EMS UAM business models for companies and public sector

EMS UAM business models for companies and public sector D52 aims to provide EMS UAM business models for companies and public sector As an outcome 35 EMS UAM business models for companies and public sector will be identified and described The deliverable will exploit the results of T41

Functional requirements for selected manned and unmanned UAM EMS scenarios

Functional requirements for selected manned and unmanned UAM EMS scenarios Report that defines the functional common requirements and local variations for the selected manned and unmanned UAM EMS scenarios from all three participating citiesregions outlining the situation types of mission and how they need to be executed Related Tasks 22 and 23

Evolvement of public and stakeholder acceptance (interim version) and citizen engagement strategies

Evolvement of public and stakeholder acceptance interim version and citizen engagement strategies This deliverable will provide insights into relevant dimensions of acceptance and following the demonstration and simulation allow to understand more specifically the evolving public acceptance and attitudes following the introduction of EMS UAM services and to assure effective Citizens engagement in line with the SUMP principles Task 41

Report on cybersecurity threats for the EMS scenarios
Comparative CBA analysis of manned and unmanned EMS UAM operations in comparison for traditional EMS transport.

Comparative CBA analysis of manned and unmanned EMS UAM operations in comparison for traditional EMS transport The deliverable will provide an overview of total operation cost as well as benefits are useful indicators to understand the overall impact of the EMS UAM service on its potential to be more extensively used within the entire EMS transportation and logistics chain It will also look at cost effectiveness by considering all the cost categories ranging from primary and transport costs by ground transport helicopter and drones Task 53

Assessment of all Validation Objectives for the simulations and live validations

Assessment of all Validation Objectives for the simulations and live validations. The deliverable is a spreadsheet containing an evaluated KPI tree, where each KPI (Success Criterium) has been evaluated based on project results. The Success Criteria evaluation results are then rolled up to assess each Validation Objective separately for each simulation and each live validation.

Model for CO2 emissions, Dashboard tool to visualize CO2 emissions

Model for CO2 emissions Dashboard tool to visualize CO2 emissions The deliverable is a mathematical model and an interactive transport mode emission GIS visualisation tool for the model The model calculates the endtoend emissions from various components of the UAM ecosystem with focus on airborne and ground emissions and also includes emission data from other transport modes Emissions will be modeled for all demonstration locations

Success Criteria for each Validation Objective and Concept of Operations or the selected UAM EMS scenarios

Success Criteria for each Validation Objective and Concept of Operations or the selected UAM EMS scenarios The deliverable is twofold A a spreadsheet containing a KPI tree The KPI tree contains one or more quantifiable Success Criterium for each Validation Objective B a concept of operation CONOPS document describing each scenario to be simulated or live validated and associated validation preparation documents a detailed Validation Script for simulations and live validation trial and a Safety Case for each live validation not for simulations

Foresight analysis and UAM EMS integration process management

Foresight analysis and UAM EMS integration process management The deliverable is a document containing i A qualitative analysis on the current situation of transportation systems and EMS in particular in the partner Cities and Regions ii Identified challenges and gaps which can be addressed by the UAM implementation and those related to integrating UAM EMS services iii A UAM integration management recommendations package

Public perceived risk and safety mitigation strategies

Public perceived risk and safety mitigation strategies. D4.2 Public perceived risk and safety mitigation strategies. The deliverable build on data collected from dependent work packages and data collected in conjunction with the preparation and execution of the validations of EMS. There will be a perceived risk, subjective, and an objective assessment from the tools used. An analysis will increase understanding on how risk is perceived in the EMS context this will enable the development of a more efficient strategy to moderate the public perception of the EMS. From task 4.2.

EMS scenarios impact on aviation and future UAM regulations

EMS scenarios impact on aviation and future UAM regulations The deliverable is a document containing i air ground landing site and cybersecurity risk analysis and a mitigations roadmap ii Project recommendations for standardisation and regulation development for UAM EMS operations in the Specific and Certified categories iii Key learnings from simulations on airspace integration in a mixed environment

UAM EMS simulation framework established

UAM EMS simulation framework established Reports a simulation system that is a sandbox allowing for virtual realistic testing of UAM EMS in the specific environments where the live demonstrations will take place The simulation system results will contribute to the city planning toolbox WP6 Input to the validation and demonstration success criteria defined in Task 71 Successful simulation of the planned demonstration in each of the 4 participating cities is a requirement before commencing with the live demonstrations Relates to task 34 73 and 74

Operational and environmental attractiveness and sustainability of Urban Air Mobility

Operational and environmental attractiveness and sustainability of Urban Air Mobility. From task 5.6, D5.5 will consolidate the findings of T5.1-T5.4 and assess the overall impacts and sustainability of UAM. Building from the previous tasks and identification of the business related and environmental indicators, it will assess the impact of existing regulations, rules, procedures on UAM and provide recommendations on how to approach Urban Air Mobility concepts.

ARC (air risk class) to determine SAIL for SORA

ARC air risk class to determine SAIL for SORA D33 ARC air risk class to determine SAIL for SORA LIU The deliverable will list the identified air risks to provide prerequisites for dialogue with and recommendations to regulators and Air Navigation Service Providers ANSP for better use of the available airspace The risks will be listed based on work in Task 32

Report on technical and procedural mitigating technology implementations for UAM EMS scenarios

Report on technical and procedural mitigating technology implementations for UAM EMS scenarios This deliverable will report the effectiveness of solutions developed in T32 and T33 though stress testing in the simulation environment developed in T72 This includes UTM and regulatory requirements and failsafe implementations with respect to communication navigation emergency landing site selection and power systems failure Relates to task 34 but builds on T72 and assessing results from T32 and T33

GRC (ground risk class) to determine SAIL (specific assurance and integrity levels) for SORA

GRC ground risk class to determine SAIL specific assurance and integrity levels for SORA This deliverable reports a method for assessments of ground risks associated with UAM takeoff and landings in urban areas specifically the EMS scenarios will be assessed but synergies to other applications are believed to be significant We will modify existing tools today used to assess risks for airport systems helipads etc and align to recent achievements within air risk assessment Further the approach of Equal Level Of Safety ELOS will be applied Reported will be a method to assess risks in the context of start and landing for UAM traffic at planned and ad hoc landing sites A set of requirements for landing sites and infrastructure valid for the EMS scenarios Relates to task 32

Guidebook for UAM integration process management - Draft version

Guidebook for UAM integration process management Draft version The deliverable is a document The contents include aspects of urban design and mobility aviation safety public acceptance and UAM integration process management The contents cover urban inferastructure modification and establishment energy supply noise and visual pollution distance to urban infrastructure elements safety management environmental issues regulative and legal issues integration process management standardization of procedures and what elements from all relevant domains including urban aviation environment The guidebook will be a living document during the duration of the project with the deliverable being the state of the document at the time of the deliverable The draft guidebook will be in English

Noise and visual pollution mapping tool

Noise and visual pollution mapping tool D43 Noise and visual pollution mapping tool LIU The deliverable will show noise and visual pollution maps for several mission flights studied during the project The maps should be produced based on work in Task 43

UAM citizen privacy handbook

UAM citizen privacy handbook The deliverable is a document containing guidelines for addressing privacy concerns to enable the widespread acceptance of UAM applications The scope of document includes EMS scenariorelated concerns of EMS personnel of patients transported and UAM medical services provided The deliverable contains privacy protection guidelines for urban and building design and for drone operations planning

GIS tool

GIS tool The deliverable is a document covering the concept of a UAM GIS tool as well as a minimum viable product implementation of the described software relying on Open Source tools The tool will include support for data on suggested drone noise abatement areas zones with varying public acceptance population density charts landing sites additional emergency landing sites ground risk data such as lowobstacle data data link connectivity charts navigation precision charts turbulence risk charts Existing and relevant open city data will be imported for each of the partner cities where UAM operations will be simulated or live trialled

Three online courses and two masterclasses developed

3 Online courses and 2 Masterclasses developed. Based on the outcomes of WP3, WP4 and WP5 the AiRMOUR’s dedicated e-courses and Masterclasses will be developed. The content of this deliverable will consist of all material developed for the 3 online courses and 2 Masterclasses (Task 6.3).

Final Results Event

Final Results Event. Aim: The Final Conference is an important event to share the results of AiRMOUR to a wide audience. A part will be dedicated to next steps or folluw-up activiites. We try to piggyback the final event to one of the existing international conferences around the same theme. We aim for at least 100 participatns of over 15 different countries. Related to: Task 8.2 Project visibility

Publications

Secure Drone Identification with Hyperledger Iroha

Author(s): Yousef Hashem Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden Elmedin Zildzic Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden A. Gurtov Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
Published in: DIVANet '21: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Design and Analysis of Intelligent Vehicular Networks and Applications, 2021, Page(s) 11-18, ISBN 9781450390811
Publisher: ACM
DOI: 10.1145/3479243.3487305

Drone Remote Identification Protocol (DRIP) Requirements and Terminology

Author(s): A. Wiethuechter; R. Moskowitz; A. Gurtov
Published in: IETF RFC 9153, Issue 3, 2022, Page(s) 41, ISSN 2070-1721
Publisher: Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
DOI: 10.17487/rfc9153

Detection of evil flies: securing air-ground aviation communication

Author(s): Suleman Khan IDA, Linköping, Sweden Pardeep Kumar Swansea University, Swansea, UK An Braeken Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussel, Belgium A. Gurtov IDA, Linköping, Sweden
Published in: MobiCom '21: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 2021, Page(s) Pages 852–854, ISBN 9781450383424
Publisher: ACM
DOI: 10.1145/3447993.3482869

Controller Pilot Data Link Communication Security: A Practical Study

Author(s): André Lehto, Isak Sestorp, Suleman Khan, Andrei Gurtov Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Sweden
Published in: Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS) (2021), 2021
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/icns52807.2021.9441649

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment of Urban Airspace Operations

Author(s): Leonid Sedov and Valentin Polishchuk (Linköping University, T. Maury, M. Ulloa, D. Lykova
Published in: 11th SESAR Innovation Days, 2021
Publisher: EUROCONTROL

Ground risk vs. efficiency in urban drone operations

Author(s): Leonid Sedov and Valentin Polishchuk (Linköping University) & Vishwanath Bulusu (Crown Consulting)
Published in: Fourteenth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar (ATM2021), 2021
Publisher: EUROCONTROL/FAA

A Security Model for Controller-Pilot Data Communication Link

Author(s): Suleman Khan and Andrei Gurtov Department of Computer and Information Science (IDA), Linköping University, Sweden An Breaken, Industrial Engineering Department (INDI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium Pardeep Kumar, Swansea University, UK
Published in: 2021 Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS), 2021
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/icns52807.2021.9441637

Intrusion Detection in Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) with Machine Learning

Author(s): Suleman Khan, Joakim Thorn, Alex Wahlgren, Andrei Gurtov Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Published in: IEEE/AIAA 40th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 2021
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/dasc52595.2021.9594431

Towards 6G-Enabled Internet of Vehicles: Security and Privacy

Author(s): DIANAPAMELAMOYAOSORIO 1(Member, IEEE), IJAZAHMAD 2(Member, IEEE), JOSÉDAVIDVEGASÁNCHEZ 3(Member, IEEE),ANDREIGURTOV 4(SeniorMember, IEEE), JOHANSCHOLLIERS 2,MATTIKUTILA2,ANDPAWANIPORAMBAGE 1(Member, IEEE)
Published in: IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2022, Page(s) 82-105, ISSN 2644-125X
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
DOI: 10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3143098

Quantifying Visual Pollution from Urban Air Mobility

Author(s): Kilian Thomas; Tobias A. Granberg
Published in: Drones; Volume 7; Issue 6; Pages: 396, Issue 2, 2023, Page(s) Vol. 7, no 6, article id 396, ISSN 2504-446X
Publisher: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/drones7060396

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