Intelligent implant biomaterials
Implants are increasingly being used to treat various bone defects. The implanted structure should ideally stimulate new bone formation, integrate with existing tissue and – depending on the application – finally be resorbed by the body to enable healthy bone growth. The EU-funded MAGNIM (Tailored biodegradable magnesium implant materials) project trained a total of 12 individuals in the development of novel biomaterials. Research focused on producing aluminium-free Mg-based materials suitable for bone applications. MAGNIM produced over 20 different Mg alloys and studied their mechanical and structural properties. To evaluate their biological interaction and in particular their corrosion-behaviour, these alloys were screened under physiological conditions. Out of these, two of the new alloys (Mg-2Ag and Mg-10Gd) were selected for animal trials as preliminary results indicated an anti-inflammatory function of degradation products. The shortlisted Mg alloys as well as another well-known Mg alloy WE43 were tested in-vivo for biodegradability and functionality. Screws made of these materials were inserted into the femur of rats and their degradation was monitored. Imaging and histological data from explants revealed new bone formation in the screw implant site. Even though the project has ended, further testing in large animal models will be carried out prior to human clinical trials. MAGNIM partners intend to further optimise implant material homogeneity and surface properties. They are hopeful that innovative solutions for bone healing applications in children and sports medicine will soon be available.
Keywords
Implant, biomaterial, biodegradable, bone, MAGNIM, Mg alloy, screws, sports medicine
