Cel
The UK Department of Energy is very concerned to establish data on indirect costs for the UK. The object of this particular project is to ensure that the above mentioned work under contract is expanded to a Europe-wide dimension.
A comprehensive methodology has been developed to identify and quantify the social and environmental costs of electricity production by fossil fuels, nuclear and renewablesources. The environmental costs arise from emissions at various stages in the construction, operation and decommissioning of power sources, and it is essential to consider all aspects from the stage of extraction of minerals to final disposal (or recycling). It is possible to compare and choose between different energy technologies with regard to their ability to provide energy in the most environmentally benign way and at the lowest overall cost to society.
The estimation of external costs of energy technologies reveals that the external costs of energy generation from fossil fuels and nuclear power are going to be quite significant compared to renewable technologies. It is already evident that the course for restructuring energy policy has to be set now. The policy should distinguish itself by imposing the lowest overall costs to society and by being economically and environmentally sustainable.
In collaboration with institutions in Germany and France, the following factors will need to be incorporated in a methodology.
1) General Factors
- Associated with the acceptability of the methodology by both its users and those it is intended to inform.
- Applicable to all energy technologies enabling all technologies whether associated with energy supply or utilisation to be examined on a single but credible basis
- Capable of standardised use by analysts specialising in separate areas of the energy economy
- Limited data handling requirements
- Easily understandable to the intelligent layman
- Avoidance of politically contentious assumptions
2) Energy Technologies
Complete fuel cycles, where appropriate, will be considered i.e. from fuel extraction to energy utilisation, including materials inputs, construction, waste disposal and decommissioning. A unit to allow reasonable comparison will be selected and a means of eliminating negligible effects considered to prevent unnecessarily detailed analyses.
For some components, techniques used in former studies of social and hidden costs, risk assessment and cost-benefit analyses of energy systems already exist for consideration, for others they will require development.
3) Costs / Benefits
The primary externalities to be considered in the study are given below :
Environmental : Human health and safety; Flora and fauna; Buildings; Land use; Landscape; Climate; Noise.
Sociological : Employment; Civil liberties; Comfort; Risk perception.
Economic : Subsidies; Research development and demonstration; Depletion; Societal economic costs.
Dziedzina nauki (EuroSciVoc)
Klasyfikacja projektów w serwisie CORDIS opiera się na wielojęzycznej taksonomii EuroSciVoc, obejmującej wszystkie dziedziny nauki, w oparciu o półautomatyczny proces bazujący na technikach przetwarzania języka naturalnego.
Klasyfikacja projektów w serwisie CORDIS opiera się na wielojęzycznej taksonomii EuroSciVoc, obejmującej wszystkie dziedziny nauki, w oparciu o półautomatyczny proces bazujący na technikach przetwarzania języka naturalnego.
- inżynieria i technologiainżynieria śodowiskagospodarka odpadami
- nauki społeczneekonomia i biznesbiznes i zarządzaniezatrudnienie
- inżynieria i technologiainżynieria śodowiskaenergetyka i paliwa
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NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne
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